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Unconventional hydrocarbon resources are going to play an important role in the US energy strategy. Conventional tools and techniques that are used for analysis of unconventional resources include decline curve analysis, type curve matching and sometimes (in the case of prolific assets) reservoir simulation. These methods have not been completely successful due to the fact that fluid flow in unconventional reservoirs does not follow the same physical principles that supports mentioned analytical and numerical methods. Application of an innovative technology, Top-Down Modeling (TDM), is proposed for the analyses of unconventional resources. This technology is completely data-driven, incorporating field measurements (drilling data, well logs, cores, well tests, production history, etc.) to build comprehensive full field reservoir models. In this study, a Top-Down Model (TDM) was developed for a field in Weld County, Colorado, producing from Niobrara. The TDM was built using data from more than 145 wells. Well logs, production history, well design parameters and dynamic production constrains are the main data attributes that were used to perform data driven analysis. The workflow for Top-Down Modeling included generating a high-level geological model followed by reservoir delineation based on regional productivity, reserve and recovery estimation, field wide pattern recognition (based on fuzzy set theory), Key Performance Indicator (KPI) analysis (which estimates the degree of influence of each parameter on the field production), and finally history matching the production data from individual wells and production forecasting. The results of production analysis by Top-Down Modeling can provide insightful guidelines for better planning and decision making. |
