| Popis: |
Background Dietary sodium restriction remains guidelines-approved lifestyle recommendation for chronic heart failure (CHF) patients. However, its efficacy in clinical outcome improvement is dubious. Methods We performed a systematic review of the following databases: Academic Search Ultimate, ERIC, Health Source Nursing/Academic Edition, MEDLINE, Embase, Clinicaltrials.gov and Cochrane Library (trials) to find studies analysing the impact of sodium restriction in the adult CHF population. Both observational and interventional studies were included. Most considerable exclusion criteria included i.e.: sodium consumption assessment based only on natriuresis, in-hospital interventions or mixed interventions - e.g. sodium and fluid restriction in one arm only. The review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. At least two independent reviewers screened databases and extracted the data. Meta-analysis was performed for the endpoints reported in at least 3 papers. The heterogeneity and sensitivity of the results were assessed. Analyses were conducted in Review Manager (RevMan) Version 5.4.1 The Cochrane Collaboration, 2020. Results Initially, we screened 9175 articles identified in the databases. Backward snowballing revealed 1050 additional articles. Eventually, 9 papers were evaluated in the meta-analysis. All-cause mortality, HF-related hospitalizations, and the composite of mortality and hospitalization were reported in 8, 6 and 3 articles, respectively. Sodium restriction was associated with a higher risk of composite endpoint (OR, 4.12 [95% CI, 1.23 - 13.82]) and did not significantly affect the all-cause mortality (OR, 1.38 [95% CI, 0.76 - 2.49]) or HF hospitalisation (OR, 1.63 [95% CI, 0.69 - 3.88]). Conclusions In a meta-analysis, sodium restriction in CHF patients worsened the prognosis in terms of composite of mortality and hospitalizations and did not influence all-cause mortality and HF hospitalisation rate. |
