Dielectric measurements of gas hydrate formation in water-in-oil emulsions using open-ended coaxial probes
| Autor: | Kjetil Folgerø, Thorvald Jakobsen |
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| Rok vydání: | 1997 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Measurement Science and Technology. 8:1006-1015 |
| ISSN: | 1361-6501 0957-0233 |
| DOI: | 10.1088/0957-0233/8/9/009 |
| Popis: | The formation of gas hydrates in multiphase flow from oil-producing wells can cause severe problems such as agglomeration and clogging of pipelines. The formation of gas hydrates in emulsions gives rise to a change in the bulk permittivity, and hence dielectric spectroscopy is a potential technique for the detection of gas hydrates in emulsified systems. This paper presents a time domain system for permittivity measurements of emulsions. The permittivity was calculated by using a simple admittance model from reflection measurements from 10 MHz to 10 GHz with two different open-ended coaxial probes. Measurements on liquids with known permittivity were used to verify the sensitivity and reproducibility of the measurements. The formation of gas hydrates in a 60% water-in-oil emulsion was also monitored with the dielectric measurement system. During the formation of gas hydrates decreases in the relaxation time and the static and high-frequency permittivities were observed. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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