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Objective To explore the effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) on the organ protection of sepsis mice and the regulation of inflammatory factors. Methods hUCMSCs were isolated and established from normal newborn infants. To induce sepsis in mice, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was injected into the abdominal cavity at 10mg/kg. Animals were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group (n=5), LPS group (n=12), LPS+hUCMSCs group (n=12). Sepsis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of LPS in the LPS group and the hUCMSCs group. After 1 hour of injection, hUSMSCs were injected into the tail vein of mice in LPS+hUCMSCs group (2.5×105/mouse). Mice were euthanized at 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours after LPS injection. Then, the liver, lung, kidneys, and blood specimen were harvested. HE staining was used to detect the injury and recovery of organs in the mice. The expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TNF-α in the liver and peripheral blood were detected by immunohistochemistry and ELISA, respectively. Results hUCMSCs were successfully established. hUCMSCs significantly alleviated the lung, kidney, and liver tissue damage in LPS+hUCMSCs group compared with LPS group. The immunohistochemical results showed that TNF-α expression decreased, while IL-10 expression increased in the liver in LPS+hUCMSCs group compared with LPS group (P |