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Chih-Jen Yang,1–4 Ming-Ju Tsai,2,4 Jen-Yu Hung,2,3 Ta-Chih Liu,3,5 Shah-Hwa Chou,3,6 Jui-Ying Lee,6 Jui-Sheng Hsu,3,7 Ying-Ming Tsai,1,2,4 Ming-Shyan Huang,2–4 Inn-Wen Chong2,3 1Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, 2Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 3Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, 4Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, 5Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 6Division of Chest Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 7Department of Medical Imaging, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan Background: Increased evidences show that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as gefitinib could prolong progression-free survival (PFS) compared with cytotoxic chemotherapy for metastatic lung nonsquamous cell carcinoma harboring susceptible EGFR mutation, and gefitinib was served as the first-line therapy. However, acquired resistance is inevitable, but the salvage therapies are still unclear.Patients and methods: We designed a retrospective study of the salvage therapy and enrolled patients with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma who had mutated EGFR and developed an acquired resistance to the first-line gefitinib in two university-affiliated hospitals in Taiwan during June 2011 to December 2014. Age, sex, smoking history, EGFR gene mutation, performance statuses, response rate, PFS2 (the PFS in salvage therapy), and overall survival (OS2, the OS in salvage therapy) were recorded.Results: Two hundred and nine patients with mutated EGFR and who took gefitinib as first-line therapy were identified in the period, and a total of 98 patients who had been treated with salvage therapy with cytotoxic chemotherapy or erlotinib were eligible for this study. The overall response rate of second salvage therapy is 13%, and none of them received erlotinib. Patients who received chemotherapy had a trend for better PFS2 than those who received erlotinib (4.3months vs 3.0months, P=0.1417) but not in OS. Furthermore, patients who received platinum-based doublet had a trend for better PFS2 and a significantly better OS2 than those who received chemotherapy without platinum (PFS2: 4.9months vs 2.6months, P=0.0584; OS2: 16.1months vs 6.7months, P=0.0007). Analyses of the patients receiving platinum-based doublet showed that patients receiving pemetrexed had a significantly better PFS2 (6.4months vs 4.1months, P=0.0083) and a trend for better OS2 than those without pemetrexed treatment.Conclusion: Pemetrexed-based platinum chemotherapy may be the most optimal therapy in acquired resistance to gefitinib. Further prospective randomized controlled study is needed urgently. Keywords: epidermal growth factor receptor, gefitinib, acquired resistance, pemetrexed, chemotherapy |
