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Nuklearne elektrane su vrsta termoelektrana koje na efikasan način proizvode električnu energiju fisijom nuklearnog goriva. U današnjem svijetu, u kojem sve tehnologije moraju biti niskougljične, njena uloga još više jača, jer samo nuklearne elektrane i eventualno hidroelektrane mogu nadomjestiti postojeće elektrane na fosilna goriva, koje će ubrzo porastom cijena CO2 postati sve više neisplative. Od 60-tih godina prošloga stoljeća do danas imaju veliku ulogu u energetskim sektorima razvijenih zemalja, te da nije bilo nesreća poput one u Černobilu ili Fukushimi, danas bi vjerovatno bila dominantan izvor električne energije. Zbog zastarjenja postojećih reaktora, povećanja ljudske populacije i sve veće potrebe za električnom energijom, nužna su ulaganja u već postojeće, ali i nove nuklearne reaktore. Projekt odlučivanja oko projekta nuklearnih elektrana je vrlo složen, te na odluku utječu mnogobrojni faktori unutar države, ali i na globalnoj razini. U ovom radu su prikazane prednosti i mane nuklearnih reaktora u odnosu na druga energetska postrojenja s kojima se natječu u energetskom miksu pojedinih zemalja, različiti rizici koji ih čine odbojnim ulagačima, ali i javnosti, neke njihove opće karakteristike, te ekonomska isplativost. Nuclear power plants are a type of thermal power plant that efficiently produce electricity by fission of nuclear fuel. In today's world, where all technologies must be low-carbon, its role is even stronger, because only nuclear power plants and possibly hydroelectric power plants can replace existing fossil fuel power plants, which will soon become increasingly unprofitable with rising CO2 prices. From the 1960s until today, they have played a major role in the energy sectors of developed countries, and if there were no accidents like the one at Chernobyl or Fukushima, today it would probably be the dominant source of electricity. Due to the obsolescence of existing reactors, the increase of the human population and the growing need for electricity, investments in existing, but also new nuclear reactors are necessary. The decision-making project around the nuclear power plant project is very complex, and the decision is influenced by many factors within the country, but also globally. This thesis presents the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear reactors in relation to other power plants with which they compete in the energy mix of individual countries, various risks that make them repulsive to investors, but also to the public, some of their general characteristics and economic profitability. |
