Review: Transport losses in market weight pigs: I. A review of definitions, incidence, and economic impact
| Autor: | Ritter, M. J., Ellis, M., Berry, N. L., Curtis, S. E., Anil, L., Berg, E., Benjamin, M., Butler, D., Dewey, C., Driessen, B., Dubois, P., Hill, J. D., Marchant-Forde, J. N., Matzat, P., Mcglone, J., Pierre Mormede, Moyer, T., Pfalzgraf, K., Salak-Johnson, J., Siemens, M., Sterle, J., Stull, C., Whiting, T., Wolter, B., Niekamp, S. R., Johnson, A. K. |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois System, Cargill Inc., Partenaires INRAE, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System, North Dakota State University (NDSU), Veterinary Services Consulting, Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Katholieke Hogeschool Kempen, Innovative Livestock Solutions, Livestock Behavior Research Unit, USDA-ARS : Agricultural Research Service, Elanco Animal Health, Psychoneuroimmunologie, nutrition et génétique, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hatfield Quality Meats, Tyson Fresh Meats, Texas A&M University System, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Manitoba Agriculture and Food, National Pork Board, Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University (ISU), The authors acknowledge the National Pork Board Animal Welfare Committee for organizing and sponsoring this project., ProdInra, Migration |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2009 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Professional Animal Scientist Professional Animal Scientist, 2009, 25 (4), pp.404-414 HAL |
| ISSN: | 1080-7446 |
| Popis: | Chantier qualité GA; International audience; Transport losses (dead and nonambulatory pigs) present animal welfare, legal, and economic challenges to the US swine industry. The objectives of this review are to explore 1) the historical perspective of transport losses; 2) the incidence and economic implications of transport losses; and 3) the symptoms and metabolic characteristics of fatigued pigs. In 1933 and 1934, the incidence of dead and nonambulatory pigs was reported to be 0.08 and 0.16%, respectively. More recently, 23 commercial field trials (n = 6,660,569 pigs) were summarized and the frequency of dead pigs, nonambulatory pigs, and total transport losses at the processing plant were 0.25, 0.44, and 0.69% respectively. In 2006, total economic losses associated with these transport losses were estimated to cost the US pork industry approximately $46 million. Furthermore, 0.37 and 0.05% of the nonambulatory pigs were classified as either fatigued (nonambulatory, noninjured) or injured, respectively, in 18 of these trials (n = 4,966,419 pigs). Fatigued pigs display signs of acute stress (open-mouth breathing, skin discoloration, muscle tremors) and are in a metabolic state of acidosis, characterized by low blood pH and high blood lactate concentrations; however, the majority of fatigued pigs will recover with rest. Transport losses are a multifactorial problem consisting of people, pig, facility design, management, transportation, processing plant, and environmental factors, and, because of these multiple factors, continued research efforts are needed to understand how each of the factors and the relationships among factors affect the well-being of the pig during the marketing process. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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