Long-term evolution of upper stratospheric ozone at selected stations of the Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change (NDSC)

Autor: Steinbrecht, W., Claude, H., Schönenborn, F., Mcdermid, I. Stuart, Leblanc, Thierry, Godin, Sophie, Song, T., Swart, D.P.J., Meijer, Y.J., Bodeker, G.E., Connor, B.J., Kämpfer, N., Hocke, K., Calisesi, Y., Schneider, N., de La Noe, J., Parrish, A.D., Boyd, I.S., Brühl, C., Steil, B., Giorgetta, M.A., Manzini, E., Thomason, L.W., Zawodny, J.M., Mccormick, M.P., Russell, J.M., Bhartia, P.K., Stolarski, R.S., Hollandsworth-Frith, S.M.
Přispěvatelé: Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Service d'aéronomie (SA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Lauder] (NIWA), Institute of Applied Physics [Bern] (IAP), University of Bern, Laboratoire d'astrodynamique, d'astrophysique et d'aéronomie de bordeaux (L3AB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Department of Astronomy [Amherst], University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS)-University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie (MPI-M), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Bologna (INGV), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), Hampton University, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2006
Předmět:
Zdroj: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union, 2006, 111 (D10), pp.D10308. ⟨10.1029/2005JD006454⟩
Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2006, 111 (D10), pp.D10308. ⟨10.1029/2005JD006454⟩
ISSN: 2169-897X
2169-8996
DOI: 10.1029/2005JD006454⟩
Popis: The long-term evolution of upper stratospheric ozone has been recorded by lidars and microwave radiometers within the ground-based Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change (NDSC), and by the space-borne Solar Backscatter Ultra-Violet instruments (SBUV), Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE), and Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE). Climatological mean differences between these instruments are typically smaller than 5% between 25 and 50 km. Ozone anomaly time series from all instruments, averaged from 35 to 45 km altitude, track each other very well and typically agree within 3 to 5%. SBUV seems to have a slight positive drift against the other instruments. The corresponding 1979 to 1999 period from a transient simulation by the fully coupled MAECHAM4-CHEM chemistry climate model reproduces many features of the observed anomalies. However, in the upper stratosphere the model shows too low ozone values and too negative ozone trends, probably due to an underestimation of methane and a consequent overestimation of ClO. The combination of all observational data sets provides a very consistent picture, with a long-term stability of 2% or better. Upper stratospheric ozone shows three main features: (1) a decline by 10 to 15% since 1980, due to chemical destruction by chlorine; (2) two to three year fluctuations by 5 to 10%, due to the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO); (3) an 11-year oscillation by about 5%, due to the 11-year solar cycle. The 1979 to 1997 ozone trends are larger at the southern mid-latitude station Lauder (45°S), reaching ?8%/decade, compared to only about ?6%/decade at Table Mountain (35°N), Haute Provence/Bordeaux (?45°N), and Hohenpeissenberg/Bern(?47°N). At Lauder, Hawaii (20°N), Table Mountain, and Haute Provence, ozone residuals after subtraction of QBO- and solar cycle effects have levelled off in recent years, or are even increasing. Assuming a turning point in January 1997, the change of trend is largest at southern mid-latitude Lauder, +11%/decade, compared to +7%/decade at northern mid-latitudes. This points to a beginning recovery of upper stratospheric ozone. However, chlorine levels are still very high and ozone will remain vulnerable. At this point the most northerly mid-latitude station, Hohenpeissenberg/Bern differs from the other stations, and shows much less clear evidence for a beginning recovery, with a change of trend in 1997 by only +3%/decade. In fact, record low upper stratospheric ozone values were observed at Hohenpeissenberg/Bern, and to a lesser degree at Table Mountain and Haute Provence, in the winters 2003/2004 and 2004/2005.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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