How Bulk Sensitive is Hard X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: Accounting for the Cathode-Electrolyte Interface when Addressing Oxygen Redox

Autor: Lebens-Higgins, Zachary W, Chung, Hyeseung, Zuba, Mateusz J, Rana, Jatinkumar, Li, Yixuan, Faenza, Nicholas V, Pereira, Nathalie, McCloskey, Bryan D, Rodolakis, Fanny, Yang, Wanli, Whittingham, M Stanley, Amatucci, Glenn G, Meng, Ying Shirley, Lee, Tien-Lin, Piper, Louis FJ
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
Zdroj: The journal of physical chemistry letters, vol 11, iss 6
Popis: Sensitivity to the "bulk" oxygen core orbital makes hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) an appealing technique for studying oxygen redox candidates. Various studies have reported an additional O 1s peak (530-531 eV) at high voltages, which has been considered a direct signature of the bulk oxygen redox process. Here, we find the emergence of a 530.4 eV O 1s HAXPES peak for three model cathodes-Li2MnO3, Li-rich NMC, and NMC 442-that shows no clear link to oxygen redox. Instead, the 530.4 eV peak for these three systems is attributed to transition metal reduction and electrolyte decomposition in the near-surface region. Claims of oxygen redox relying on photoelectron spectroscopy must explicitly account for the surface sensitivity of this technique and the extent of the cathode degradation layer.
Databáze: OpenAIRE