Loss of the Martian atmosphere to space: Present-day loss rates determined from MAVEN observations and integrated loss through time

Autor: Jakosky , Bruce, Brain , David, Chaffin , Michael, Curry , Shannon M., Deighan , Justin, Grebowsky , Joseph, Halekas , Jasper, Leblanc , François, Lillis , Robert, Luhmann , Janet, Andersson , Laila, André , Nicolas, Andrews , David, Baird , Darren, Baker , Daniel, Bell , Jared, Benna , Mehdi, Bhattacharyya , Dolon, Bougher , Stephen, Bowers , Charlie, Chamberlin , Phillip, Chaufray , Jean-Yves, Clarke , John, Collinson , Glyn, Combi , Michael, Connerney , Jack, Connour , Kyle, Correira , J., Crabb , Kyle, Crary , Frank, Cravens , Thomas, Crismani , Matteo, Delory , Greg, Dewey , Ryan, DiBraccio , Gina, Dong , Chuanfei, Dong , Yaxue, Dunn , Patrick, Egan , Hilary, Elrod , Meredith K., England , Scott, Eparvier , Frank, Ergun , Robert, Eriksson , Anders, Esman , Teresa, Espley , Jared, Evans , S., Fallows , Kathryn, Fang , Xiaohua, Fillingim , Matthew, Flynn , C., Fogle , A., Fowler , Christopher M., Fox , Jane L., Fujimoto , Masaki, Garnier , Philippe, Girazian , Zachary, Groeller , Hannes, Gruesbeck , Jacob, Hamil , O., Hanley , K., Hara , Takuya, Harada , Yuki, Hermann , Jacob, Holmberg , Mika, Holsclaw , Greg, Houston , S., Inui , S., Jain , Sonal, Jolitz , Rebecca, Kotova , Anna, Kuroda , Takeshi, Larson , Davin, Lee , Yuni, Lee , C., Lefèvre , Franck, Lentz , Christy, Lo , D., Lugo , Rafael, Ma , Yingjuan, Mahaffy , Paul R., Marquette , Melissa, Matsumoto , Y., Mayyasi , Majd, Mazelle , Christian, Mcclintock , William, McFadden , Jim, Medvedev , A., Mendillo , Michael, Meziane , K., Milby , Zachariah, Mitchell , D., Modolo , Ronan, Montmessin , Franck, Nagy , Andrew, Nakagawa , H., Narvaez , Clara, Olsen , Kirk, Pawlowski , D., Peterson , William, Rahmati , Ali, Roeten , Kali, Romanelli , Norberto, Ruhunusiri , Suranga, Russell , Christopher T., Sakai , Shotaro, Schneider , Nicholas, Seki , K., Sharrar , R., Shaver , S., Siskind , David E., Slipski , Marek, Soobiah , Yasir, Steckiewicz , Morgane, Stevens , Michael, Stewart , Ian
Přispěvatelé: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] ( LASP ), University of Colorado Boulder [Boulder], Space Sciences Laboratory [Berkeley] ( SSL ), University of California [Berkeley], NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ( GSFC ), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Iowa City], University of Iowa [Iowa], HEPPI - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales ( LATMOS ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie ( IRAP ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Uppsala] ( IRF ), NASA Johnson Space Center ( JSC ), NASA, National Institute of Aerospace [Hampton] ( NIA ), Center for Space Physics [Boston] ( CSP ), Boston University [Boston] ( BU ), Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering ( CLaSP ), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences [Ann Arbor] ( AOSS ), Communications and Power Industries ( CPI ), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Lawrence], University of Kansas [Lawrence] ( KU ), Princeton University, University of Arizona, Wright State University [Dayton], Institute of Space and Astronautical Science ( ISAS ), University of Kansas, Department of Physics and Astronomy [Ames, Iowa], Iowa State University ( ISU ), The University of Tokyo, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology ( NICT ), IMPEC - LATMOS, Analytical Mechanics Associates, Inc., University of California at Los Angeles [Los Angeles] ( UCLA ), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung ( MPS ), Tohoku University [Sendai], Eastern Michigan University, Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics [Los Angeles] ( IGPP ), Department of Earth and Planetary Science [Tokyo], Naval Research Laboratory ( NRL )
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2018
Předmět:
Zdroj: Icarus
Icarus, Elsevier, 2018, (in press). 〈10.1016/j.icarus.2018.05.030〉
ISSN: 0019-1035
1090-2643
Popis: International audience; Observations of the Mars upper atmosphere made from the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft have been used to determine the loss rates of gas from the upper atmosphere to space for a complete Mars year (16 Nov 2014 – 3 Oct 2016). Loss rates for H and O are sufficient to remove ∼2-3 kg/s to space. By itself, this loss would be significant over the history of the planet. In addition, loss rates would have been greater early in history due to the enhanced solar EUV and more-active Sun. Integrated loss, based on current processes whose escape rates in the past are adjusted according to expected solar evolution, would have been as much as 0.8 bar CO2 or 23 m global equivalent layer of H2O; these losses are likely to be lower limits due to the nature of the extrapolation of loss rates to the earliest times. Combined with the lack of surface or subsurface reservoirs for CO2 that could hold remnants of an early, thick atmosphere, these results suggest that loss of gas to space has been the dominant process responsible for changing the climate of Mars from an early, warmer environment to the cold, dry one that we see today.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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