Réduire les pesticides pour augmenter les densités de populations de vers de terre en systèmes agricoles
| Autor: | Céline Pelosi, Lucile Toutous, François Chiron, Florence Dubs, Mickael Hedde, Audrey Muratet, Jean-François Ponge, Sandrine Salmon, David Makowski |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Physico-chimie et Ecotoxicologie des Sols d'agrosystèmes contaminés, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), PESSAC, Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IBIOS Interactions biologiques dans les sols, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), BIOTROP, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Agronomie, AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Physicochimie et Ecotoxicologie des SolS d'Agrosystèmes Contaminés (PESSAC) |
| Jazyk: | francouzština |
| Rok vydání: | 2012 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Journée " Ecotoxicologie " conjointe BASC/FIRE Journée " Ecotoxicologie " conjointe BASC/FIRE, Nov 2012, Paris, France HAL |
| Popis: | Intensification of agricultural practices has reduced soil biodiversity in cultivated fields. The use of organic farming and of low-input cropping systems could be beneficial to soil organisms but their actual impacts on soil biodiversity have not been sufficiently investigated. Earthworm species, which have important agro-ecological functions, may be affected by pesticides applications but pesticide effect may vary among species depending on their location in the soil. The purpose of this study is to establish relationships between a pressure indicator i.e., Treatment Frequency Index or TFI, and an impact indicator i.e., earthworm density. Densities of three earthworm species in contact with soil surface i.e., Lumbricus castaneus, Lumbricus terrestris and Allolobophora chlorotica, were measured in 15 site years cultivated with conventional cropping system and in 15 site-years with organic systems near Paris, France. TFI were calculated on the different plots for herbicides, insecticides,fungicides, and all pesticides. Two types of statistical models were fitted to the data and were used to predict earthworm densities in function of the four types of TFI. Results showed that an increase of TFI had significant negative effects on earthworm densities, but that the extend of these effects depended on both pesticide type and earthworm species; insecticides were most harmful for earthworms than herbicides and fungicides and species leaving the more in contact with soil surface were more affected by pesticides. Our study showed that the density of L. castaneus could be multiplied by four in agricultural fields if the TFI is halved in the future |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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