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This paper analyzes scholarship programs offered by non-governmental scholarship organizations for Japanese higher education students in the prewar period. There was no government scholarship program in prewar Japan, and non-governmental organizations played an important role. From the Meiji period to the Taisho period, the Ministry of Education published five research reports on non-governmental scholarship organizations. This article is a re-analysis of those materials. The results of this indicate that, from the end of the Meiji period to the Taisho period, non-governmental scholarship organizations spread throughout the country, and their number increased. The characteristic of each organization was to support those who wished to go on to higher education within the region, based on the historical context and regional ties. Many of them were small group community activities. Looking at changes in individual organizations, the number of recipients of existing scholarship organizations increased in the late Taisho period. However, looking at the situation in Japan as a whole, the late Taisho era was a period of quantitative expansion of higher education in pre-war Japan. The quantitative expansion of non-governmental scholarship programs did not keep pace with the overall increase in student numbers. It can be pointed out that this was the limit of non-governmental scholarship organizations in the prewar period. |
