Stupnjevi organskog u Plessnera
| Autor: | Marinović, Marija |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Kokić, Tonći |
| Jazyk: | chorvatština |
| Rok vydání: | 2022 |
| Předmět: | |
| Popis: | 1928. godine objavljena je antropološka studija Helmutha Plessnera Stupnjevi organskoga i čovjek u kojem čovjek zbog svoje ekscentrične pozicionalnosti dobija titulu najvišeg stupnja organskog svijeta. Pozicionalnost je termin koji se odnosi na specifičnu povezanost živih tijela s okolinom. Temelj razlikovanja organskih i anorganskih tijela leži upravo u toj pozicionalnosti. Biljka je prvi stupanj organskog života i ima otvorenu formu, usmjerena je na svoju okolinu. Nema svijesti ni sposobnost voljnog djelovanja, nego se njen život svodi na kretnje rasta i razmnožavanja koje ovise o njenoj okolini. Životinja je drugi stupanj organskog i ima zatvorenu, centralističku organizacijsku formu. Ima dva aspekta, tjelesnost i bitak u toj tjelesnosti. Ima specijalizirane instinkte i sposobnost asocijativnog pamćenja, ali nema svijesti o samoj sebi, to jest, nije potpuno refleksivna. Potpuna refleksivnost rezervirana je za čovjeka. Čovjek je treći, najviši stupanj organskog i ima ekscentričnu pozicionalnost. On je s tjelesnog aspekta i dalje centrično organiziran kao i životinja, ali pošto ima svijest i promatra sebe kao tjelesno i duševno biće, njegovu poziciju zovemo ekscentričnom (nadilazi vlastitu centralnost). Čovjek ima sposobnost opredmećivanja sebe i stvari oko sebe, što nije slučaj kod biljke i životinje. On, kao najviše biće od navedenih, posjeduje sve vrste inteligecije koje su do sada opisane. Čovjekov svijet dijeli se na tri sfere. Prva sfera je vanjski svijet, to jest, okolina ispunjena stvarima koju najjednostavnije možemo nazvati prirodom. Druga sfera je unutarnji svijet – čovjekov unutrašnji bitak, duševnost koju je on sposoban promatrati sa distance. Treća sfera je susvijet koji za čovjeka realno postoji jer on shvaća da je društveno biće u odnosu sa drugim bićima iste vrste. Ta bića su također osobe i imaju iste osnovne sposobnosti i karakteristike kao on. Čovjek je svjestan tog postojanja drugih Ja In the year 1928. Helmuth Plessner published an anthropological study Levels of Organic Life and the Human in which the human is given the title of the highest level of the organic world due to his eccentric positionality. Positionality is a term that refers to the specific connection of living bodies with the environment. The basis of the distinction between organic and inorganic bodies lies precisely in this positionality. The plant is the first level of organic life and has an open form, oriented towards its environment. It has no consciousness or the ability to act voluntarily, but its life is reduced to movements of growth and reproduction that depend on its environment. The animal is the second level of organic and has a closed, centralistic organizational form. It has two aspects, physicality and being in that physicality. It has specialized instincts and the ability of associative memory, but it has no awareness of itself, it is not fully reflexive. Full reflexivity is reserved for humans. A human being is the third, highest level of organic and has an eccentric positionality. From the physical aspect, the human being is still centrally organized like an animal, but since it has consciousness and observes itself as a physical and mental being, we call that position eccentric (it goes beyond its centrality). Man can objectify himself and the things in the environment, which is not the case with plants and animals. As the highest being of the above, humans possess all types of intelligence that have been described so far. The human world is divided into three spheres. The first sphere is the external world, the environment filled with things we can most simply call nature. The second sphere is the inner world - man's inner being, his spirituality, which he can observe from a distance. The third sphere is the universe that realistically exists for man because he understands that he is a social being in relation to other beings of the same kind. These beings are also persons and have the same basic abilities and characteristics as him. Man is aware of the existence of other-selves. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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