Psychometric and clinical instruments for assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder and evaluation of treatment effect

Autor: Mimica, Ninoslav, Uzun, Suzana, Kozumplik, Oliver, Žakić Milas, Danijela, Glavina, Trpimir
Jazyk: chorvatština
Rok vydání: 2018
Předmět:
Zdroj: Medicina Fluminensis : Medicina Fluminensis
Volume 54
Issue 2
ISSN: 1848-820X
1847-6864
Popis: Cilj ovog rada je opisati primjenu psihometrijskih i kliničkih instrumenata za procjenu posttraumatskog stresnog poremećaja (PTSP-a) i ocjenu terapijskog učinka. Uz dijagnostičke kriterije za PTSP, pomoć u dijagnostici PTSP-a predstavlja i uporaba psihometrijski validiranih instrumenata. Instrumenti za procjenu PTSP-a se obično dijele u dvije skupine: prvu skupinu čine strukturirani i polustrukturirani intervjui koji zahtijevaju individualan pristup i specifične vještine i znanja iskusnog kliničara koji ih primjenjuje. Drugu skupinu instrumenata čine psihometrijske ljestvice koje omogućuju procjenu intenziteta simptoma. Ljestvice za mjerenje PTSP-a daju informacije o vrsti i intenzitetu simptoma. Također, mnoge od njih postavljaju granične vrijednosti koje služe kao indikator prisutnosti ili odsustva poremećaja. Izbor instrumentarija ovisi o cilju istraživanja, teorijskom kontekstu i raspoloživom uzorku. Složenost procesa procjene, odnosno izbor instrumenata koji će se primijeniti, u velikoj mjeri ovisi o kontekstu unutar kojeg se procjena vrši. Precizna dijagnostička procjena uključuje integraciju podataka dobivenih iz dva temeljna područja: prvo područje je ispitivanje izloženosti traumi, a drugo je procjena PTSP simptomatike. Ovdje valja naglasiti da je prije primjene strukturiranih kliničkih intervjua i skala procjene nužno provesti obuku i trening ocjenjivača te objektivno izmjeriti podudarnost njihovih procjena na svakoj od čestica pojedine skale. Za mjerenje simptoma PTSP-a konstruiran je i veliki niz samoocjenskih ljestvica. Za ocjenu terapijskog učinka također se koriste različiti tipovi instrumenata, odnosno i strukturirani intervjui i samoocjenske ljestvice. Može se naglasiti da je upotreba psihometrijskih instrumenata važna u metodologiji suvremenog kliničkog stručno-znanstvenog rada u procjeni PTSP-a i praćenju terapijskog učinka. U tu svrhu potrebno je ove instrumente i nadalje razvijati.
The aim of this article is to describe application of psychometric and clinical instruments for assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and evaluation of treatment effect. Beside diagnostic criteria for PTSD, the use of validated psychometric instruments helps in diagnostics of PTSD, also. Instruments for assessment of PTSD are usually divided into two groups: the first group is consisted of structured and semi structured interviews that require individual approach and specific skills and knowledge of experienced clinician that applies them. The second group of instruments is consisted of psychometric scales which enable assessment of intensity of symptoms. The scales for measuring PTSD reveal information about type and intensity of symptoms. Also, many of them set threshold values that serve as indicator of presence or absence of the disorder. The choice of instruments depends on the aim of research, theoretical context and available sample. The complexity of assessment process, that is the choice of instruments that will be applied, depends greatly on the context within which the assessment is made. Accurate diagnostic assessment includes integration of data acquired form two basic fields: the first field is examination of exposure to trauma and the second is assessment of symptoms of PTSD. It is important to emphasize that it is necessary to exercise instruction and training of evaluators and objectively measure congruence of their assessments for every item of particular scale. A large number of self-rating scales has been constructed for measuring symptoms of PTSD, also. Different types of instruments are used for evaluation of treatment effect, too, that is, structured interviews and self-rating scales. It may be emphasized that the use of psychometric instruments in the methodology of modern clinical professional-scientific work related to assessment of PTSD and treatment effect monitoring is important. For this purpose, it is necessary to further develop these instruments.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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