Probabilistic risk assessment for watercourses exposed to spray drift in the Netherlands
| Autor: | Holterman, H.J., van de Zande, J.C., Wipfler, E.L., Huijsmans, J.F.M. |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2022 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | International Advances in Pesticide Application International Advances in Pesticide Application. Association of Applied Biologists |
| Popis: | Probabilistic countrywide risk assessment models have been developed to study the risk of exposure to pesticides for edge-of-field watercourses next to pome fruit orchards and avenue tree nurseries. Different models have been developed for upward and sideways (US) spray applications towards the trees and for downward (DWN) spray applications directed towards the ground below the trees. A spatio-temporal approach was followed to account for the spatial distribution of the orchard and nursery locations and the temporal variation in multi-year spray applications. Countrywide simulations resulted in 90th percentile concentrations of pesticides in edge-of-field watercourses, depending on factors such as the number of spray applications per year and the application techniques used. A single spatial configuration was selected to evaluate the countrywide risk level for each scenario. The spray drift exposure models, combined in the xSPEXUS model, were used in combination with the TOXSWA model for pesticide fate in the ditch. In this combined approach of exposure and fate a higher-tier risk evaluation for the authorization of plant protection products in fruit orchards and tree nurseries is possible. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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