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Pilanska prerada drveta predstavlja energetski vrlo intenzivnu industriju pa njena nadogradnja u biorafineriju povećava fleksibilnost rada pilane na slobodnom tržištu te omogućava veću iskoristivost sirovine i ostataka koji nastaju prilikom pilanske prerade drveta. U radu su opisane osnovne tehnologije u preradi drveta, definiran je pojam koncepta biorafinerije i napravljena je klasifikacija biorafinerija prema IEA Bioenergy Task 42, te su opisane tehnologije i tehnološki procesi kojima se može dobiti električna i toplinska energija iz drvne biomase u kogeneracijskim postrojenjima. Nakon toga se u prvom scenariju konfiguriralo kogeneracijsko postrojenje sa reaktorima za rasplinjavanje biomase, te se uz to postrojenje dodalo i postrojenje za proizvodnju peleta u drugom scenariju, dok se u trećem scenariju konfiguriralo kogeneracijsko postrojenje sa ORC tehnologijom, te se uz to postrojenje dodalo i postrojenje za proizvodnju peleta. Ulazna sirovina u pilanu kao biorafineriju su trupci jelovine, a proizvodi su drvna građa, električna i toplinska energija, te ostali nusproizvodi koji se pojavljuju tokom proizvodnog procesa, a imaju određenu tržišnu vrijednost. Napravljena je i studija slučaja gdje je analizirana isplativost ulaganja u ove vrstu tehnologije uzimajući u obzir tržišne cijene. Sawmill wood processing is an energy intensive industry so its upgrading into a biorefinery increases the flexibility of sawmill production on the free market and enables greater utilization of raw materials and residues resulting from sawmill processing. In this paper the basic technologies in wood processing have been described, the concept of a biorefinery has been defined, the biorefineries classification according to IEA Bioenergy Task 42 has been described and the technologies and technological processes for generating electric and thermal energy from wood biomass in cogeneration plants have been described. In the first scenario,a cogeneration plant with biomass gasification reactors has been configured and a pellet production plant was added to the plant in the second scenario, while in the third scenario a cogeneration plant with ORC technology has been configured and a pellet production plant was added to the plant. Input raw material in a sawmill as a biorefinery is logs of fir, and the products are lumber, electrical and thermal energy, and other by-products that are produced during the production process and have a certain market value. A case study has also been conducted where the cost-effectiveness of investment in this type of technology was analysed taking into account market prices. |
