Aprovechamiento integral de residuos sólidos de curtición. Implicaciones medioambientales
| Autor: | Rodríguez Gil, Roberto |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Fuente Alonso, Enrique, Ruiz Bobes, María Begoña, Energía, Departamento de, Ruiz Bobes, Begoña |
| Jazyk: | Spanish; Castilian |
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC instname |
| Popis: | Tesis doctoral presentada en el Departamento de Energía de la Universidad de Oviedo, mayo de 2014. [EN] Tanning Industry comprises a series of productive activities aimed at the recovery and handling of skins wastes of slaughtered animals for human consumption, to provide adequate raw material for footwear, clothing, leather goods and upholstery industries. Despite using a waste of the meat industry, we can not forget that the tanning industry has some impact from the environmental point of view. The final aim of this thesis is to obtain a methodology for the valorization of tanning solid waste into activated carbons with environmental applications on gaseous emissions, studying the energy use of the fractions generated during the pyrolysis of the precursor. This thesis is part of a PETRI project: “Aprovechamiento integral de residuos sólidos de empresas de curtición: obtención de carbón activado mediante procesos termoquímicos con aprovechamiento energético en etapas del proceso” (PET2007_0421_02), 2007- 2009, with the finnatial support of MEC and participation of: University of Girona, the technological center AIICA (Research Association for the Leather Industries and Anexes) and the company Miquel Farrés Rojas SA, the last two entities being part in the Tanning Sector. Initially, we carried out the characterization of different untanned skins and leathers tanned by various tanning agents (chromium salts and vegetable tannins), in order to study the influence of tanning process in the porosity of these materials and in the ability of water vapor adsorption. From the water vapour adsorption data obtained from the leather and untanned skin in various stages of relative humidity, it can obtain knowledge about the nature of the surfaces, thus to improve the tanning process by performing the relevant settings or to know the moisture needed for good comfort of a garment. The characterization of the different fractions (pyrolyzed material or char, condensable liquid and gas) obtained from the pyrolysis of the leather solid wastes, was carried out. The calorific value of each fraction was also studied. It was obtained a high calorific value for the char, suitable for use as a solid fuel, even without mixed with coal. A kinetic model was developed for the pyrolysis process by using the kinetic parameters and taking into account a model of independent reactions. Chemical activation with alkaline agents from different precursors was developed in order to obtain activated carbons. The precursors were: i) mixture of leather solid wastes (shavings, trimmings and buffing dust) in the proportions that are generated in the industry itself, ii) dehydrated and degreased skin, iii) mixture of commercial tannins, and iv) pyrolyzed material or char obtained from the pyrolysis of the materials mentioned above. Activated carbons with a high textural development, mainly microporous, were obtained after a final washing step of the activated materials. Activated carbons obtained have mainly graphitic carbon, with some content of single bonds with oxygen (-OH, C-O-C (aliphatic, ethers), epoxides) and carbonyl oxygen in ester and anhydrides, and nitrogen of pyrrole/pyridone, and to a lesser extent pyridine, The chemical characteristics of the ACs make them potentially suitable for use in adsorption of gaseous contaminants (VOCs, CO2, Hg), hydrogen production, separation/concentration of natural gas from landfills and anaerobic digestion or methane storage. Finally, the comparison with commercial activated carbons was conducted, yielding very promising results in the application cited above. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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