Efficacy of iron fortified cowpea flour in improving iron status of schoolchildren in malaria endemic rural Ghana
| Autor: | Abizari, A.R. |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Wageningen University, Michael Zimmermann, Inge Brouwer, M. Armar-Klemesu |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2013 |
| Předmět: |
nutrition programmes
fortificatie fortification malaria ijzergebrekanemie school meals iron edta ijzer cowpea meal VLAG voedselsoevereiniteit Global Nutrition ghana schoolmaaltijden Wereldvoeding nutritional state voedingsprogramma school children iron deficiency anaemia vignameel food and beverages food sovereignty voedingstoestand biologische beschikbaarheid schoolkinderen bioavailability |
| Popis: | Children in sub-Saharan Africa are more likely to have survived the critical first 1000 days of life carrying along unresolved micronutrient deficiencies into the school-age. Iron-deficiency is the most prevalent micronutrient problem affecting school-age children in sub-Saharan Africa and yet the most difficult to resolve. It is necessary to ensure an adequate iron intake through the diet of school-age children and school-based feeding intervention may be a way to improve iron intake of schoolchildren. Such a feeding intervention would be more sustainable if it relies on locally produced food(s) with the potential to support food sovereignty. In this context, this thesis investigated whether foods based on cowpeas, an indigenous legume crop originating from Africa, can be used in a school feeding setting to improve iron status of school-age children in Ghana. The investigations in this thesis comprised cross-sectional dietary and iron status assessment of schoolchildren (n=383), cowpea acceptability among schoolchildren (n=120 mother-child pairs), chemical analysis of cowpea landraces (n=14), an in vivo iron bioavailability among young women (n=16) and a randomized cowpea intervention trial (n=241) conducted mainly in Tolon-Kumbungu district of Ghana. The results indicated that iron-deficiency and iron-deficiency anaemia affect 8 and 7 out of every 10 schoolchildren respectively. It also showed that the probability of adequate dietary iron intake is 0.32 but much larger (~0.90) if schoolchildren benefitted from a school feeding programme. Mothers/caregivers intended to give cowpeas to their schoolchildren 2–3 times per week. The positive attitudes of mothers towards cowpea predicted their intention to give them to their schoolchildren but they were worried about the cost, long cooking time and the discomfort their children may suffer after consuming cowpeas. The chemical analysis showed that cowpeas contain appreciable amounts of iron (4.9–8.2 mg/ 100 gd.w) and zinc (2.7–4.1 mg/100 gd.w) but also high amounts of inhibitory phytate (477–1110 mg/100 gd.w) and polyphenol (327–1055 mg/100 gd.w). Polyphenol concentration in particular was higher (P |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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