Factors Shaping the Recycling Systems for Plastic Packaging Waste—A Comparison between Austria, Germany and The Netherlands
| Autor: | Picuno, Caterina, Van Eygen, Emile, Brouwer, Marieke, Kuchta, Kerstin, Thoden van Velzen, Eggo Ulphard |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
plastic packaging waste
Packaging recycling Environmental effects of industries and plants Recycling targets closed-loop recycling Closed-loop recycling TJ807-830 TD194-195 Renewable energy sources recycling targets Wirtschaft [330] Environmental sciences Plastic packaging waste BBP Sustainable Chemistry & Technology limits to recycling packaging management systems ddc:330 Packaging management systems GE1-350 Limits to recycling ddc:600 Technik [600] packaging recycling |
| Zdroj: | Sustainability Volume 13 Issue 12 Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(12) Sustainability (Switzerland) 13 (2021) 12 Sustainability, Vol 13, Iss 6772, p 6772 (2021) Sustainability 13 (12): 6772 (2021-06-02) |
| ISSN: | 2071-1050 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/su13126772 |
| Popis: | Setting up strategies for a sound management of plastic packaging waste (PPW) is becoming increasingly crucial at many levels of the value chain in Europe. After the very first implementation of an extended producer responsibility scheme in Germany in 1991, many EU Countries followed. This resulted in a complex network of schemes that differ from one member state to another. This paper brings together the three latest studies describing the current flows of PPW across the waste value chain from Austria (reference year 2013), Germany and the Netherlands (reference year 2017). With this aim, the models of the three single studies have been adapted to fit into a common model, allowing to perform a comparative analysis. Although with a relatively comparable product market, the three countries have different management systems (e.g., separate collection systems, target sorting products and treatment of residual waste), reflecting different national strategies to achieve the circular economy targets. Recycling rates (in terms of washed milled goods at the output of the recycling process) for the three countries resulted in 23%, 43% and 30% of the total mass of PPW generated in, respectively, Austria, Germany and the Netherlands. The fraction of mixed recycled plastics, relevant for Germany and the Netherlands only, was determined to be one of the major determinants of the differences in recycling rates. Furthermore, the discussion revolves around new political targets that have the potential to contribute to addressing the issue of tradeoff between quantity and quality of recycled plastics placed on the market, with measures such as design-for-recycling and eco-modulation of EPR fees playing a critical role, while also pointing out the aspects that inevitably hinder closed-loop recycling. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|