Paternal occupational exposure to solvents and the risk of congenital heart defects in children using job exposure matrix
| Autor: | Hamide Niknazar, Amirhoushang Mehrparvar, Mostafa Behjati, Ali Dehghani, Mohammad Javad Zare |
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| Zdroj: | Scopus-Elsevier Salāmat-i kār-i Īrān, Vol 16, Iss 5, Pp 30-39 (2019) |
| Popis: | Background and aims: Currently, as a result of research on laboratory animals, abundant information has been obtained on the impact of various environmental factors on the occurrence of congenital malformations, but there is still no comprehensive information on the causes of congenital heart malformations (CHD) in human populations. Congenital heart defects (CHDs) constitute the major class of congenital anomalies. Although the incidence of CHDs is close to one percent of live births, its prevalence in the fetus is higher. The prevalence of CHDs is 0.5-0.8% in the live-term neonate, 2% in premature infants and 10-25% in the aborted fetus. The exact causes of CHDs are not clear. About 25% of all CHDs are attributed to the genetic factors. The interaction of genetic and environment is also considered in the etiology of the CHDs. Researchers say occupations such as pharmacy, chemical engineering, dyeing, increase the risk of neonatal eye, heart and intestinal defects and cleft lip and palate. Several studies have shown the effect of non-genetic factors such as environment and lifestyle on the occurrence of CHDs. In the Snijder study, no relationship was found between maternal occupational contact and CHD offspring, whereas fatherschr('39') exposure to phthalates increased CHD in neonates. According to the above mentioned content Identify paternal exposure to solvents and its relationship with congenital malformations heart defect can be effective in identifying the factors affecting the incidence of malformations. However, there is no consensus on the role of paternal and maternal exposures and susceptible window of exposure on the CHDs across studies. Additionally, the body of evidence on the association between occupational exposures and congenital malformations especially CHDs are limited. This study aimed to investigate paternal occupational exposure to solvents and congenital heart abnormalities in neonates. Methods: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences (Registration Code: ir.ssu.medicine.rec.1359.37). In this case-control study 200 children with congenital heart defect and 400 matched healthy infants were considered as case and control groups respectively. Cases were randomly selected from the medically diagnosed and registered CHDs newborns during 2015-2017 (1393-1395 Persian year) in Yazd, Afshar referral hospital. Controls were selected from healthy newborns of Yazd province referred to the Yazd city health centers for receiving their routine health care services. Controls were matched case by case with the cases in term of age. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect the data by the telephone interview. The questionnaire comprised of three sections including a) general items regarding demographic characteristics b) lifestyle of parents and c) occupational and environmental exposures of the parents. Information on paternal occupation of questionnaires and paternal occupational exposure was performed using job exposure matrix. For this purpose, a matrix of occupational exposure assessment of solvents was prepared in Excel software. Exposure ratings of each job were solved based on the opinions of 10 experienced and well-known occupational health professionals. After completing the job matrix, the mean score of solvent exposure was calculated and the mean scores were used as fatherschr('39') exposure to solvents. Outcomes definition was performed according to international Classification of Disease version 10 (ICD 10). All refereed children with maximum three years of age which were diagnosed with at least one of CHDs according to the ICD10 classification were entered into the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS16 software, descriptive and inferential statistics such as frequency and percentage. STATA14 software was used to evaluate job contact and logistic regression tests were used to estimate odds ratios and odds ratios. 95% confidence interval and 0.05 were considered significant. Results: Among the analyzed cases, ventricular septal defect with 31.5% (n = 63) and patent ducts arteriosus with 24% (n= 48), had the highest prevalence. Results showed that mothers of case group had lower level of education compared to control group (p-value |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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