| Autor: |
Virkki, Vili, Alanärä, Elina, Porkka, Miina, Ahopelto, Lauri, Gleeson, Tom, Mohan, Chinchu, Wang-Erlandsson, Lan, Flörke, Martina, Gerten, Dieter, Gosling, Simon N., Hanasaki, Naota, Müller Schmied, Hannes, Wanders, Niko, Kummu, Matti |
| Přispěvatelé: |
Landdegradatie en aardobservatie, Landscape functioning, Geocomputation and Hydrology, Suomen ympäristökeskus, The Finnish Environment Institute, Department of Built Environment, Water and Environmental Eng., University of Victoria BC, Stockholm University, Ruhr University Bochum, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, University of Nottingham, National Institute for Environmental Studies of Japan, Goethe University Frankfurt, Utrecht University, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University |
| Jazyk: |
angličtina |
| Rok vydání: |
2022 |
| Předmět: |
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| ISSN: |
1607-7938 |
| Popis: |
Funding Information: Vili Virkki was supported by the Aalto University School of Engineering Doctoral Programme, Elina Alanr and Lauri Ahopelto were supported by Maa- ja vesitekniikan tukiry., Matti Kummu was supported by the Academy of Finland-funded project WATVUL (grant no. 317320) and the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant no. 819202), Miina Porkka was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant no. 819202) and the Erling-Persson Family Foundation, and Lan Wang-Erlandsson was supported by the European Research Council through the Earth Resilience in the Anthropocene project (grant no. ERC-2016-ADG 743080) and by the IKEA Foundation. Funding Information: | openaire: EC/H2020/819202/EU//SOS.aquaterra Financial support. Vili Virkki was supported by the Aalto University School of Engineering Doctoral Programme, Elina Alanärä and Lauri Ahopelto were supported by Maa-ja vesitekniikan tuki ry., Matti Kummu was supported by the Academy of Finland-funded project WATVUL (grant no. 317320) and the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant no. 819202), Miina Porkka was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant no. 819202) and the Erling-Persson Family Foundation, and Lan Wang-Erlandsson was supported by the European Research Council through the “Earth Resilience in the Anthropocene” project (grant no. ERC-2016-ADG 743080) and by the IKEA Foundation. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 Vili Virkki et al. Human actions and climate change have drastically altered river flows across the world, resulting in adverse effects on riverine ecosystems. Environmental flows (EFs) have emerged as a prominent tool for safeguarding the riverine ecosystems, but at the global scale, the assessment of EFs is associated with high uncertainty related to the hydrological data and EF methods employed. Here, we present a novel, in-depth global EF assessment using environmental flow envelopes (EFEs). Sub-basin-specific EFEs are determined for approximately 4400 sub-basins at a monthly time resolution, and their derivation considers the methodological uncertainties related to global-scale EF studies. In addition to a lower bound of discharge based on existing EF methods, we introduce an upper bound of discharge in the EFE. This upper bound enables areas to be identified where streamflow has substantially increased above natural levels. Further, instead of only showing whether EFs are violated over a time period, we quantify, for the first time, the frequency, severity, and trends of EFE violations during the recent historical period. Discharge was derived from global hydrological model outputs from the ISIMIP 2b ensemble. We use pre-industrial (1801-1860) quasi-natural discharge together with a suite of hydrological EF methods to estimate the EFEs. We then compare the EFEs with recent historical (1976-2005) discharge to assess the violations of the EFE. These violations most commonly manifest as insufficient streamflow during the low-flow season, with fewer violations during the intermediate-flow season, and only a few violations during the high-flow season. The EFE violations are widespread and occur in half of the sub-basins of the world during more than 5% of the months between 1976 and 2005, which is double compared with the pre-industrial period. The trends in EFE violations have mainly been increasing, which will likely continue in the future with the projected hydroclimatic changes and increases in anthropogenic water use. Indications of increased upper extreme streamflow through EFE upper bound violations are relatively scarce and dispersed. Although local fine-tuning is necessary for practical applications, and further research on the coupling between quantitative discharge and riverine ecosystem responses at the global scale is required, the EFEs provide a quick and globally robust way of determining environmental flow allocations at the sub-basin scale to inform global research and policies on water resources management. |
| Databáze: |
OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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