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Publié également en français: Lopez Fanny, Margot Pellegrino, Olivier Coutard. (dir.), Autonomie énergétique locale : espaces, échelles et politiques. ISTE. 2019; International audience; Energy and territories: towards new configurations Energy production, supply and consumption in territories are once again provoking public debate. While the peak oil horizon seems to be constantly shrinking, particularly due to the development of non-conventional hydrocarbon exploitation, the challenge of climate change has imposed the theme of energy transition at international level. This is reflected in the discourses and (to a lesser extent) the actions of many actors (political, economic, associative) according to different registers: evolution of the primary energy mix of electricity or heat production systems; promotion of low-carbon or non-carbon renewable energies and reduction of dependence on fossil fuels (to which nuclear energy can be added, or not, depending on the country); the quest for energy efficiency gains in transport, buildings, productive activities (goods, services, food, etc.) and the promotion of less energy-consuming practices. These forms of action have one thing in common, although they are not limited to it: they all aim, by their very principle, at a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions linked to energy production and consumption. There is, however, a modality of action that is experiencing increasing success-some would say a revival of fortune-in energy transition discourses and strategies, and that does not mainly rest on the same principle: the search for increased local energy autonomy [DOU 19]. This quest for autonomy was forcefully articulated more than 10 years ago by the then Mayor of London, Ken Livingstone, as part of the "decentralized energy revolution" that he initiated in London and which his successors, Boris Johnson and the current Mayor of the British capital, Sadiq Khan, have essentially pursued. It is now expressed in a number of strategic documents issued by cities or other local authorities and confirmed, for example, by the growing interest among stakeholders in exploiting Introduction written by Fanny LOPEZ, Margot PELLEGRINO and Olivier COUTARD. |
