Genetic ancestry of the Bolivian population
| Autor: | Heinz, Tanja Maria |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Salas Ellacuriaga, Antonio, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Facultade de Medicina e Odontoloxía. Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e CC. Forenses. Instituto de Medicina Legal, Salas Ellacuriaga, Antonio (dir.) |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Minerva. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela instname |
| Popis: | During the Transatlantic Slave Trade (TAST) millions of Africans were forced to work in the Americas for the European colonizers. A small number of slaves were sent to Upper Peru (nowadays Bolivia). During the TAST, the colonizers established a so-called ‘hacienda system’ in the tropical valleys of the Yungas which was maintained with slave labor. Therefore, up to the present people of African descent live in the Yungas. Because of their small number and their geographical isolation, ‘Afro-Bolivians’ have been mostly neglected in studies about the TAST. Furthermore, the lack of historical documentation hampers the investigation of this history. In this thesis the TAST is investigated from a genetic point of view by analyzing uniparental (mtDNA, Y chromosome) and biparental autosomal markers (AIM-Indels, whole-genome SNP genotyping) in the Bolivian population including the ‘Afro-Bolivian’ community of Tocaña. The aims of the present thesis are: (i) to compare continental ancestry between the Yungas and the remaining Bolivian population, (ii) find the geographic origin of ‘Afro-Bolivians’ in Africa and (iii) evaluate the paternal and maternal genetic contribution from Africa, Europe, and the Americas in the Bolivian population. The main genetic component observed in the autosomes and mtDNA in the Bolivian population was Native American with the exception of locality of Tocaña (Yungas) where African ancestry is the predominant genetic component. On the Y chromosome a high introgression of European ancestry was observed whereby European ancestry was less in Tocaña when compared to the remaining population because of a higher African ancestry. Geographic origin could not be resolved unambiguously with mitogenomes. African origin could be traced back to West and West-Central Africa, but also to East and South East Africa. Most African enslaved people left Africa from West and West-Central Africa, but South East Africa became increasingly important as slave provider towards the end of the TAST. Whole genome SNP typing again showed a mosaic of ancestry components. A significant gender bias was observed in the Bolivian population. Both in the Yungas and the remaining Bolivian population a high introgression of European ancestry was observed for the Y chromosome. This is consistent with historical records as the colonization of the Americas was mainly ruled by European males. Autosomal DNA and mtDNA were principal of Native American ancestry except in Tocaña were African ancestry predominates. African ancestry in Tocaña was lower on the Y chromosome than on the mtDNA might possibly the result of a higher mortality rate for African descendant male than female slaves. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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