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Ugroženost morskih staništa i bioraznolikosti mora globalni je problem velikim dijelom uzrokovan djelovanjem čovjeka. Pretjerani izlov komercijalnih morskih organizama, degradacija morskih staništa, onečišćenje mora, invazivne vrste, te globalne klimatske promjene glavne su prijetnje morskom okolišu. Tema diplomskog rada je utvrditi ugroženost morskih staništa na 20 postaja unutar zaštićenih (Nacionalni park Brijuni, Javna ustanova Kamenjak) i nezaštićenih područja Istarske županije. Ukupno je utvrđeno 376 vrsta morske flore i faune unutar 10 biocenoza. Postaje u NP Brijuni su najmanje pogođene antropogenim utjecajem, te je u tom području utvrđeno najveće bogatstvo ribljim vrstama. Najveća ugroza na svim istraživanim postajama je suvišak organske tvari u stupcu mora, što uzrokuje stalno cvjetanje alga koje se kasnije talože kao mukus na morsko dno. Duž svih istraživanih postaja primijećen je odbačeni kruti otpad s usidrenih brodova. Primjećen je i velik broj ribolovnih alata. Sidrenje brodova je također veliki problem za morska staništa na svim istraživanim postajama. Invazivna vrsta rebraša Mnemiopsis leidyi Agassiz, 1865 utvrđena je na svim istraživanim postajama zapadne i jugozapadne Istre. Dobiveni podaci iz ovog rada koristit će se za daljnji monitoring morskih staništa (zaštićenih i nezaštićenih), te procjenu daljnjih mogućih negativnih antropogenih utjecaja. Threats to the marine habitats and sea biodiversity is a global issue caused mainly by human influence. Overfishing of commercial sea organisms, degradation of marine habitats, sea pollution, invasive species and global climate changes are main threats to the sea environment. In order to successfully manage the Adriatic Sea and plan for the protection of selected marine habitats and species it is necessary to list, chart and specify their level of endangerment. Main subject of this thesis is to list habitats and pertaining flora and fauna at 20 stations inside protected (National park Brijuni, Nature park Kamenjak) and unprotected areas in Istria. A total of 376 species were recorded within 10 biocenosis. Stations inside of NP Brijuni are least affected by anthropogenic influences, and the largest wealth of fish species is found in this area. The greatest threat to all the investigated stations is the excess of organic matter in the water column causing the constant algae blooms that are later depleted as a mucus on the seabed. Along with all the investigated stations, discarded solid waste from the anchored boats was observed. There were also many fishing gears found. Boat anchoring is also a major problem for marine habitats at all research stations. The invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi Agassiz, 1865 were found on all investigated stations of western and southwestern Istria. Gathered data from this thesis will be used for further monitoring of marine habitats, sea management strategy and evaluation of possible negative anthropogenic influences. |
