Funciones del cloruro como macronutriente beneficioso en plantas superiores
| Autor: | Franco Navarro, Juan de Dios |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Colmenero Flores, José M., Rosales Villegas, Miguel Á., Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Franco-Navarro, Juan D., Colmenero Flores, José Manuel, Rosales Villegas, Miguel Ángel, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología |
| Jazyk: | Spanish; Castilian |
| Rok vydání: | 2022 |
| Popis: | 329 pág.- Memoria para optar al título de Doctor en Biología por la Universidad de Sevilla, defendida el día 8 de julio del 2022 en la Facultad de Biología de la Universidad de Sevilla.- tutora de la tesis Mª Rosario Álvarez-Morales. The chloride anion (Cl-) has traditionally been considered a detrimental element for agriculture due to its antagonism with the nitrate anion (NO3-), and its toxicity when it accumulates in high concentrations in salinity conditions. On the other hand, Cl- is an essential micronutrient for higher plants, being necessary in small traces to fulfill a series of vital functions for plants such as: photosystem-II cofactor and some enzymes; the neutralization of positive charges in plant cells; and regulation of the electrical potential of cell membranes. Below a specific level in each species, plants suffer symptoms of Cl- deficiency, altering these cellular mechanisms and negatively affecting the capacity for cell division, cell elongation and, ultimately, the correct development of plants. However, there are indications in the literature that could suggest beneficial effects of fertilization with Cl- at levels typical of a macronutrient. In the thesis of Dr. Javier Brumós (1) some light was shed on this issue, since a beneficial effect of Cl- on water relations and the prevention of water deficit in citrus and tobacco plants was observed. However, the physiological and cellular mechanisms responsible for these phenomena were not understood, thus marking the background of my thesis project. The results of this Doctoral Thesis have determined a paradigm shift in this sense, since Cl- has gone from being considered a harmful ion for agriculture, to becoming a beneficial macronutrient whose transport is finely regulated by plants. Thus, in this Doctoral Thesis we have shown that the contribution of Cl- and its accumulation as a macronutrient promotes the growth of fresh and dry biomass and causes anatomical changes (increased cell growth and leaf expansion). This responds to: (i) an improvement in the water balance of plant tissues, with greater accumulation of water; (ii) improved water relations due to lower stomatal conductance (gs), in turn a consequence of lower stomatal density; (iii) higher mesophyll diffusion conductance to CO2 (gm); (iv) greater water use efficiency (WUE) as a result of the decrease in gs, simultaneously with the increase in gm; (v) greater resistance to water deficit; (vi) a greater efficiency in the use of nitrogen (NUE) as a consequence of a greater capacity to use nitrate (NO3-), giving rise to plants with a higher content of organic nitrogen (N) and a lower content of NO3-. Therefore, plants treated with Cl- at macronutrient levels make more efficient use of water, N and CO2, which are the fundamental pillars of plant nutrition, showing better development and resilience (2–6). Therefore, the increase in WUE and NUE, as well as the prevention of water deficit and the increase in tolerance to lack of water in plant tissues are very important traits for crops that could be favored by the use of the Cl- in new agricultural practices. Thus, Cl- could establish a synergistic improvement in a more efficient use of water and N to achieve a healthier and more sustainable agriculture. El presente trabajo se ha realizado en el marco de los proyectos AGL2009-08339 y AGL2015-71386-R, pertenecientes al Plan Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (PNIDI 2009) y al Plan estatal de Investigación Científica e Innovación (PEICTI 2013-2016) respectivamente, así como del proyecto CSIC-2013-4R089, de la Agencia Estatal CSIC, enmarcado en el proyecto RECUPERA2020 cofinanciada por los fondos FEDER-MINECO. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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