Terrorism, Customs and fraudulent Gold exports in Africa
| Autor: | Banao, Fawzi, Laporte, Bertrand |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International (CERDI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), ANR-10-LABX-0014,IDGM+,Designing new international development policies from research outcomes. An enhanced(2010) |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2022 |
| Předmět: |
Mirror analysis
JEL: F - International Economics/F.F1 - Trade/F.F1.F14 - Empirical Studies of Trade JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q3 - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation/Q.Q3.Q34 - Natural Resources and Domestic and International Conflicts JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making/D.D7.D73 - Bureaucracy • Administrative Processes in Public Organizations • Corruption JEL: H - Public Economics/H.H8 - Miscellaneous Issues/H.H8.H83 - Public Administration • Public Sector Accounting and Audits JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q3 - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation/Q.Q3.Q38 - Government Policy Terrorism JEL: O - Economic Development Innovation Technological Change and Growth/O.O1 - Economic Development/O.O1.O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors • Shadow Economy • Institutional Arrangements Gold Performance of customs administration [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance Customs fraud |
| Popis: | The actions of terrorist groups destabilize border states and economies. The presence of mining activities, such as gold extraction, favors the illicit export of this ore to finance terrorist groups. Using COMTRADE data, we estimate gold customs fraud with mirror analysis (gold export missing) for 50 African countries between 2000 and 2019. We use ordinary least squares, two-stage least squares, generalized method of moments, and local impulse strategy in our empirical strategies to estimate the impact of terrorism on gold customs fraud. Our results suggest that states affected by terrorism must pay more attention to the trafficking of gold, as this is a valued mineral for terrorist groups. The response to conflict with terrorist groups cannot be solely military. The State must necessarily get the various state services to work together, particularly the army, the police, and customs. The institutionalization of this cooperation remains a real challenge for these states. Regarding customs administration efficiency, data analysis is at the core of customs modernization programs. Only internal and external trade data have been used in risk management systems. Cooperation with the armed forces must allow the acquisition of tools and skills to analyze other data sources, such as satellite data. Customs could then carry out all of its missions at the borders: collecting duties and taxes but also protecting the local/border economy and cutting off the funding sources for terrorist groups. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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