ETHICS AND INNOVATION: CONFLICTS WITHIN ORGANISATIONS
| Autor: | Davadie, Philippe |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Centre de recherche de l'École des officiers de la gendarmerie nationale (CREOGN), OLIVIER, Sabine |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Les Notes du CREOGN Les Notes du CREOGN, Centre de Recherche de l'Ecole des Officiers de la Gendarmerie Nationale, 2021, N° 56 |
| Popis: | International audience; Today, innovation is credited with many virtues : it drives development, reveals the inventive nature of the members of an organisation, creates value, and is even becoming a quasi-injunction. If previously people were expected to publish, they are now expected to innovate: the traditional "publish or perish" seems to have been replaced by the implicit "innovate or abdicate". However, it should be noted that, despite this injunction, not everyone innovates, just as not all organisations are innovative. This injunction to progress, to go beyond one's own limits, to think "out of the box", seems to be hampered by several elements which have not yet been fully identified. We could nevertheless mention, among other things, a certain conservatism, even outright timorousness, a lack of ambition , enthusiasm, or creative spirit, the satisfaction of routine, the fear of the unknown, and even a reductive conception of ethics that would bridle scientific and technological progress by imposing limits that would be unecessary. This opposition between ethics and innovation often gives rise to passionate debates. There is no need to dwell on bioethical issues, which have even become divisive. All it takes to be convinced of this, is to consider two subjects that are hallmarks of our modernity: artificial intelligence and robotisation. Talking about robotisation implicitly calls for a discussion about ethics, especially when the debate turns to lethal autonomous weapon systems (LAWS) or, more prosaically , killer drones. But without mentioning this extreme function of robots, we can ask ourselves what "ethical" rules these increasingly numerous robots should follow. The classic aporia being that of the re-actualisation of the tram dilemma (should an out-of-control tram run over one person in order to save five?) 1 should be transposed to the autonomous car, which must now solve what is described as the algorithm of death 2 ; sometimes that algorithm even takes into account the nature of the potential victims (a scientist, a pregnant woman, etc.). We should not forget that setting the terms of the debate in this way would necessarily imply that the autonomous car is also able to identify precisely each person it passes, which raises other ethical questions. Similarly, the question of ethics often comes up in debates on artificial intelligence: the fact that ethical choices reflect cultures 3 could explain why some countries allow developments that are much more regulated in France. The example of facial recognition and its use in China provides a good illustration 4. Faced with this opposition, the question arises as to whether it is possible to innovate ethically? To answer this question, we will first define the terms "ethics" and "innovation", then discuss the conflicts that their cohabitation generates, before seeing to what extent the many questions it raises can be answered. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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