Potential for Using Wild Aquatic and Marshland Plant Species in Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment

Autor: Stančić, Zvjezdana, Baić, Lucija, Kraš, Valentina
Jazyk: chorvatština
Rok vydání: 2016
Předmět:
Zdroj: Environmental Engineering-Inženjerstvo okoliša
Volume 3
Issue 1
ISSN: 1849-5079
1849-4714
Popis: Biljni uređaji omogućavaju ekološki i ekonomski isplativ način pročišćavanjamanjih količina otpadnih voda. U Republici Hrvatskoj postoji nekoliko biljnih uređaja, ali i mogućnosti za izgradnju novih. Rade na principu prirodnih eutrofnih vodenih ekosustava. Organske i hranjive tvari glavna su onečišćivala u većini otpadnih voda. Mikroorganizmi i biljke preuzimaju te tvari i proizvode biomasu te na taj način sudjeluju u pročišćavanju vode. Od biljnih vrsta, u Hrvatskoj najčešće se koristi trska, a rijetko neke druge vrste. Suprotno tome, hrvatska flora i vegetacija poznate su po svojoj bioraznolikosti. Stoga je cilj ovog rada bio ispitati mogućnosti korištenja većeg broja samoniklih biljnih vrsta u biljnim uređajima za pročišćavanje otpadnih voda. Odabrano je 80 vrsta koje rastu na močvarnim i vodenim staništima s različitim ekološkim uvjetima. Biljne vrste su analizirane s obzirom na pripadnost skupini vodenih ili močvarnih vrsta, visinu biljaka, dubinu korijena te prilagodbe na ekološke čimbenike okoliša koje su izražene pomoću ekoloških indeksa (za svjetlost, temperaturu, kontinentalnost, vlagu, reakciju supstrata, hranjive tvari, salinitet). Rezultati su pokazali da biljne vrste imaju vrlo različita svojstva te se mogu koristiti u biljnim uređajima s vrlo različitim i specifičnim tehnološkim zahtjevima. Na primjer, za pročišćavanje komunalnih otpadnih voda koje sadrže velike količine organskih i hranjivih tvari, koje su približno neutralne reakcije, u uvjetima kontinentalne klime, pogodne su biljke kao što su trska (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Steud.); širokolisni rogoz (Typha latifolia L.), jezerski oblić (Scirpus lacustris L.), velika pirevina (Glyceria maxima (Hartm.) Holmb.), trstasti blještac (Phalaris arundinacea L.), razgranjeni ježinac (Sparganium erectum L.),žuta perunika (Iris pseudacorus L.), klasasti krocanj (Myriophyllum spicatum L.), mala vodena leća (Lemna minor L.), podvodna vodena leća (Lemna trisulca L.) i druge. U uređajima se može koristiti jedna i više vrsta. Moguće prednosti korištenja većeg broja biljnih vrsta su poboljšanje učinkovitosti pročišćavanja otpadnih voda, predstavljaju zamjenska vodena i močvarna staništa za biljne i životinjske vrste te pridonose estetskoj vrijednosti krajobraza.
Constructed wetlands provide an ecological and inexpensive method of wastewater treatment. In the Republic of Croatia, there are several constructed wetlands, and also the opportunity to build new ones. They work on the principle of natural eutrophic water ecosystems. Organic matter and nutrients are the main pollutants in most wastewater. Microorganisms and plants incorporate such substances into their cells and produce biomass, in this way purifying the water. Among the plant species, in Croatia, the most commonly used is reed, and rarely anything else. In contrast, Croatian flora and vegetation are known for their high biodiversity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of using a larger number of wild aquatic and marshland plant species in constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment. Eighty species were selected, all native to aquatic and marshland habitats with different environmental conditions. The plant species were analysed with respect to division into aquatic and marshland species, plant height, depth of roots, and adaptation to environmental conditions using ecological indices (for light, temperature, continentality, moisture, soil reaction, nutrients and salinity). The results showed that the plant species have very different properties and can be used in constructed wetlands with very different and specific technological requirements. For instance, for the treatment of municipal and domestic wastewater which contains large amounts of nutrients and is of approximately neutral reaction, in the conditions of a continental climate, suitable plants include reed (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Steud.); broad-leaved cattail (Typha latifolia L.), lakeshore bulrush (Scirpus lacustris L.), great manna grass (Glyceria maxima (Hartm.) Holmb.), reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.), simplestem bur-reed (Sparganium erectum L.), yellow flag (Iris pseudacorus L.), spiked water-milfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.), common duckweed (Lemna minor L.), star duckweed (Lemna trisulca L.) and others. In constructed wetlands, one or more species can be used.The possible advantages of using a larger number of plant species are: to improve the efficiency of wastewater treatment, for constructed wetlands to serve as replacement aquatic and marshland habitats for plant and animal species, and to contribute to the aesthetic value of the landscape.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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