| Popis: |
Regulatory T cells (Treg) are an important control mechanism within the Immune system (IS). Tregs prevent overactivation of effector T cells or autoreactive cells from invading organism-derived tissues. Treg are characterised by expression of surface molecules, CD4, CD25 and by an intracellular transcription factor forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3). There are two basic populations of Treg, naturally occuring Treg (nTreg) developing in the thymus and induced Treg (iTreg) rising from CD4+ T cells in periphery, which are also precursors for T helper cells. In spite of an outgoing intensive research, there is still no clear clue which mechanisms are used by Treg to inhibit other effector cells. First in vitro experiments showed, that those mechanisms are of a contact dependent manner and do not use secreted molecules. But in vivo experiments showed the exact opposite. Those studies showed that secretory molecules, such as interleukin (IL)-10, IL-35 or transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), are important in the effectory phase of Treg. Since the first experiments other distinct mechanisms of supression by Treg cells have been discovered. Those mechanisms seem to be important only in particular situations, particular cell assays or with using of specific experimental models. The reasons for this... |
