Participative design and assessment of innovative low input grapevine cropping systems

Autor: Raphaël METRAL, Christian Gary, Laurent Deliere, David Lafond, Jacques Wéry
Přispěvatelé: Fonctionnement et conduite des Systèmes de culture Tropicaux et Méditerranéens, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin (IFV)
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2015
Předmět:
Zdroj: IPM Innovation in Europe
IPM Innovation in Europe, Jan 2015, Pozland, Poland. 174 p
HAL
IPM Innovation in Europe : Book of Abstracts. 2015; IPM Innovation in Europe, Pozland, POL, 2015-01-14-2015-02-12, 107
Popis: International audience; Since 2012, with the support of the PURE Project, three innovative experimental platforms were built inFrance to test low-input grapevine cropping systems (located in Angers, Bordeaux, and Montpellier).The objectives were to reach a high reduction of pesticide use (over 50%) and to promote the alternative IPMand biocontrol methods without any decrease in yield and quality. Innovative cropping systems are needed inviticulture to achieve these goals. After a first step of prototyping of these new cropping systems, experimentationswere carried out to assess the performances of the prototypes.We make the hypothesis that innovation for pest and disease management in perennial crops comes fromcombination of practices and their interactions. Expert groups designed the prototypes. They built the set ofobjectives and constraints (SOC) to be satisfied by the prototypes. These grapevine cropping system prototypeswere then assessed on the three platforms developed during the PURE project.A DEXiPM Grapevine model was adapted in PURE project for the overall assessment of the sustainability of the tested farming systems.The testing of cropping systems was radically different from classical factorial trials that test the effect ofa modality in agronomy. To evaluate the system performance, experimental plots must be independent agroecosystemsand be fairly large (over 2,000 m²). The homogeneity of the physical environment, soil and climateis important. With repetitions, these tests mobilize significant investments over several years in the caseof perennial crops.Cropping system trials experiment a set of decision rules designed for the management of crop practices. Ifthe objectives of the SOC are not achieved, prototypes can be re-adjusted before validation and dissemination.Three main ways of pesticide reduction are explored: (i) IPM, (ii) alternative products and biocontrol, (iii)zero-pesticide cropping systems based on new grapevine mildew resistant varieties. Seven prototypes aretested in INRA experimental farms in Angers (Loire Valley, center of France), Bordeaux (atlantic region), andMontpellier (Mediterranean region).The first results in 2012 showed that 50% of the treatment frequency index (TFI) was obtained in over 40% ofthe tested prototypes.This reduction in pesticide use results primarily from improved control strategies and control of the applicationof plant protection.The first DEXiPM Grapevine assessments show the high environmental performance of innovative biocontrolstrategies. However, the IMP strategies have the best overall sustainability for the moment with better economicand social assessment.Pesticide efficiency and substitution allow the first steps of progress in the systemic approach carried out. There-design of the grapevine system will be necessary in order to reduce pesticide use despite the high sensivityof grapevine to pests and diseases.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz: