The role of placental exosomes in reproduction
| Autor: | Šomen, Ema |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Šerman, Ljiljana, Pećina-Šlaus, Nives, Nikuševa Martić, Tamara |
| Jazyk: | chorvatština |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: | |
| Popis: | Ljudski organizam je izgrađen od mnoštva stanica koje moraju međusobno pravilno komunicirati. Pored danas dobro poznatih mehanizama komunikacije, znanstvenici su odnedavno otkrili i četvrti mehanizam koji se odvija putem ekstracelularnih vezikula. Pretpostavlja se da ih izlučuje većina naših stanica, koje pritom prenose različiti sadržaj poput proteina i nukleinskih kiselina. Egzosomi predstavljaju posebnu skupinu ekstracelularnih vezikula, a od ostalih se razlikuju svojom veličinom i mehanizmom nastanka. Potječu iz endosomalnog odjeljka stanice i odražavju njene unutarnje procese. Nedavno je, također, otkriveno da stanice sinciciotrofoblasta sintetiziraju egzosome koji pritom mogu poslužiti kao biomarkeri različitih fizioloških i patoloških stanja. Placentalni egzosomi imaju imunosupresivno djelovanje, prenose mnoge važne proteine, DNA i RNA molekule te mogu značajno utjecati na tijek trudnoće i preživljenje fetusa. Cilj ovog rada je omogućiti pregled trenutačnog znanja o ekstracelularnim vezikulama s posebnim osvrtom na placentalne egzosome i njihovu ulogu u gestaciji. Human organism is built from many cells that need to communicate properly among them. In addition to today's well-known cell-to-cell communication mechanisms, scientists have recently discovered the fourth mechanism that takes place through extracellular vesicles. It is presumed that most of our cells are excreted, transferring different contents such as proteins and nucleic acids. Exosomes are a special group of extracellular vesicles, and the rest are different in their size and mechanism of origin. They originate from the endosomal cell compartment and reflect its internal processes. Recently, it has also been discovered that exosome are synthesized by syncytiotrophoblast cells and that they can serve as biomarkers of various physiological and pathological states. Placental exosomes have immunosuppressive activity, transmit many important proteins, DNA and RNA molecules and can significantly affect the course of pregnancy and fetal survival. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of current knowledge on extracellular vesicles with special emphasis on placental exosome and their role in gestation. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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