The Motif of Descent into the Underworld in Greek and Latin Literature

Autor: Dajana Ćosić
Jazyk: chorvatština
Rok vydání: 2019
Předmět:
Zdroj: Latina et Graeca
Volume 2
Issue 36
Latina et Graeca, Vol 2, Iss 36, Pp 7-28 (2019)
ISSN: 2718-2843
0350-414X
Popis: Silazak u podzemlje ili katabaza mitološki je, ali i književni motiv prisutan u religijama i književnostima mnogih naroda. U proučavanju epske književnosti katabaza se definira kao priča o silasku žive osobe koja posjeduje određene kvalitete u podzemni svijet mrtvih s nekim ciljem i njezino vraćanje među žive. U ovom se radu prikazuju reprezentativni primjeri katabaze u grčkoj, rimskoj i hrvatskoj novolatinskoj književnosti. Počinje se s grčkom epikom, odnosno 11. pjevanjem Odiseje i homerskom Himnom Demetri, a nastavlja se pričama o katabazi Tezeja i Piritoja i Heraklovu silasku u Had po Kerbera. U rimskoj književnosti, uz najpoznatiju katabazu, Enejinu u 6. pjevanju Eneide, predstavlja se i Orfejeva katabaza u 10. pjevanju Metamorfoza te Psihina u Apulejevim Metamorfozama ili Zlatnom magarcu, te se spominje i obrada toga motiva u Apokolokintozi Seneke Mlađeg. Hrvatski humanistički autor Jakov Bunić izložio je Heraklovu katabazu u epiliju De raptu Cerberi, pridajući joj alegorijsko tumačenje u kontekstu kršćanske vjere. Također, u radu se primjenjuje klasifikacija J. L. Calva Martineza, prema kojoj po razlogu silaska u podzemlje postoji nekromantska katabaza (npr. Odisejeva), romantična (npr. Orfejeva) i obijesna (npr. Heraklova) katabaza.
Descent into the underworld, or katabasis, is a mythological as well as a literary motif occurring in different religions and literature of many nations. In the study of epic literature, katabasis is defined as a story of a living person, who possesses certain qualities, descending into the underworld of the dead and returning to world of the living, having fulfilled an objective. This paper shows the representative examples of katabasis in Greek, Latin and Croatian Neo-Latin literature. The review starts with Greek epic poetry, i.e. Book 11 of the Odyssey and the Homeric Hymn to Demeter, and continues with stories about the katabasis of Theseus and Pirithous, and Heracles’s descent into the underworld of Hades to capture Cerberus. In Latin literature, along with the most famous katabasis – the one undertaken by Aeneas in Book 6 of the Aeneid – it also presents Orpheus’s katabasis from Book X of the Metamorphoses by Ovid and Psyche’s katabasis in the Metamorphoses, also known as The Golden Ass, by Apuleius. There is also a mention of the same motif in the Apocolocyntosis, written by Seneca the Younger. Croatian humanist poet Jakov Bunić described the katabasis of Hercules in the epyllion De raptu Cerberi, giving it an allegorical interpretation in the context of Christianity. Furthermore, this paper applies the classification by José Luis Calvo Martínez, who classifies katabases according to their purpose: necromantic (e.g. Odysseus), romantic (e.g. Orpheus) and hybristic katabases (e.g. Hercules).
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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