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In recent decades, more and more attention is paid to the environment protection because of the emission of large quantities of solid, liquid and gaseous waste from many manufacturing processes. They cause the environmental pollution and are harmful to human health. The commercial activated carbons (CAC) are widely used for drinking water and waste water treatment. Activated carbon is a form of graphite, which is characterized by irregular or amorphous structure, with varying sizes - from the visible to the naked eye to the molecular size of pores. They are derived from coconut shells, charcoal, lignin, petroleum coke, bone coal, peat, rice husks, peach pits, fertilizer waste, rubber waste, etc. Plain carbon is very different from activated, the latter is specially manufactured in order to adsorb harmful substances (dissolved organic matter, heavy metal ions, bacteria, etc.). Activated carbon is produced by varying the size of pores that are able to remove different sized particles. The efficiency of activated carbon is determined by the surface chemical and geometrical heterogeneity. Acidic and basic functional groups present on the surface of activated carbon allow to adsorb chemical compounds of diverse nature. Dyes are harmful chemicals, widely used in textile, rubber, paper, plastics and cosmetics industry. A metal complex dye group is one of the most important and widely used groups in the textile dyeing industries. It is known that every year about 2% of dyes release into the environment with wastewater from the production of dyes and 10 % from the textile and related manufacturing fields. Once released from the manufacturing processes to wastewater they give them color, which can reduce the amount of light reaching the surface water and disturb the photosynthesis processes. In order to prevent the environmental pollution, the water used must be cleaned. Heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Co, etc.) are pollutants found in the wastewater of various industries. They constitute a family of contaminants that may be found coexisting with dyes in wastewater. One of the effective methods for removal of metal ions is the adsorption on activated carbon, which has a large surface area and functional groups (active adsorption centers). The application of activated carbon for wastewater treatment requires a good understanding of the adsorption mechanism. So far, little is known about the interaction between metal complex dyes and heavy metals in binary adsorption systems. Lanasyn Navy M-DNL, a member of anionic azo dyes, and copper(II) were selected as a typical 6 dye and heavy metal. In this study, an attempt was made to find out whether the activated carbon used for the removal of organic compound metal complex dye Lanasyn Navy could be applicable for the adsorption of copper (II) ions. The goals of present work were to study the mutual effect of metal complex dye and copper(II) ions on their removal by adsorption. Consequently, the adsorption of the dye and metal ions from binary solutions has been investigated as well. The results of batch and column adsorption experiments have been obtained. |
