Prekršajna odgovornost za promicanje ideologija suprotnih Ustavu Republike Hrvatske

Autor: Ivo Josipović
Jazyk: chorvatština
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
Zdroj: Hrvatski ljetopis za kaznene znanosti i praksu
Volume 27
Issue 2
ISSN: 2459-6531
2670-9996
Popis: U javnosti je već dugo prisutan fenomen promicanja ideologije desnog radikalizma u formi (afi rmativnih) reminiscencija na ustaški pokret i njegovu vlast tijekom Drugog svjetskog rata. Posebno je to vidljivo na društvenim mrežama, na grafi tima, pojedinim elektroničkim medijima te sportskim natjecanjima i koncertima pojedinih glazbenika. Promicanje ustaštva i isticanje njegovih simbola, prema Ustavu Republike Hrvatske i stanovištu Ustavnog suda, protivno je Ustavu. Međutim korištenje ustaških simbola, posebice pozdrava/ uzvika „Za dom, spremni!“, rašireno je i opravdava se različitim razlozima, od onih koji u podlozi imaju prihvaćanje ustaške ideologije, preko shvaćanja da se taj pozdrav emancipirao od ustaštva jer se koristio u simbolima i praksi pojedinih legalnih postrojbi hrvatskih oružanih snaga u Domovinskom ratu, da je riječ o uzviku koji se koristio neovisno o ustaštvu, pa do pomodarstva, posebno u mladoj generaciji, koje ne povezuje ustašku simboliku s ideologijom iz Drugog svjetskog rata, koja je, nažalost, i danas prisutna u našem društvu. Iz redova pravne struke, bez ulaženja u političke i društvene aspekte korištenja ustaških simbola, pa čak i uz jasnu ogradu od ustaštva, javljaju se stanovišta kako nije moguće prekršajno kažnjavati korištenje uzvika „Za dom, spremni!“ jer da taj čin nije propisan kao zabranjen i kažnjiv te da podvođenje tog čina pod članak 5. Zakona o prekršajima protiv javnog reda i mira narušava ustavno načelo zakonitosti. Postupno se ustalila sudska praksa prekršajnih sudova koja uzvik „Za dom, spremni!“, a i korištenje drugih simbola ustaštva, smatra prekršajem protiv javnog reda i mira. Ustaška ideologija i simboli često su vezani i uz nasilje, pa se postavlja pitanje razgraničenja korištenja tih simbola kao prekršaja ili kao kaznenog djela, samostalnog ili inkorporiranog u neko drugo kazneno djelo. Ustaljenu praksu prekršajnih sudova o kvalifi kaciji korištenja uzvika „Za dom, spremni!“ nedavno je promijenio svojim pravnim shvaćanjem prihvaćenim na sjednici svih sudaca Visoki prekršajni sud i izazvao oprečne reakcije opće i stručne javnosti. U ovome radu autor analizira dosadašnju praksu prekršajnih sudova, postojeći pravni okvir za ocjenu korištenja ustaških simbola u javnom prostoru kao prekršaja, pravno shvaćanje Visokog prekršajnog suda i njegov učinak na sudsku praksu te predlaže de lege ferenda rješenja kojima bi se nedvojbeno zaštitio ustavnopravni poredak Republike Hrvatske kroz sustav prekršajnog i kaznenog prava.
The phenomenon of promoting the ideology of right-wing radicalism in the form of (affi rmative) reminiscences of the Ustasha movement and its power during the Second World War has long been present in the public. This is especially evident on social networks, in graffi ti, on some electronic media, at sporting events and at the concerts of some musicians. According to the Constitution of the Republic of Croatia and to the position of the Constitutional Court, promoting the Ustasha ideology and displaying its symbols is contrary to the Constitution. However, the use of Ustasha symbols, especially of the salute “Za dom spremni!” (“For the homeland, ready!”) is widespread and has been justifi ed with various reasons, ranging from reasons that have as their basis acceptance of the Ustasha ideology, the understanding that this salute has been emancipated from the Ustasha ideology because it was also used in the symbols and practices of particular legal military formations of the Croatian Armed Forces in the Homeland War, and that this was a salute that was used independently of the Ustasha ideology, to a fad, especially evident in the younger generation who do not make a connection between Ustasha symbolism and the ideology of World War II, which, unfortunately, is still present in our society. Views are emerging from the ranks of the legal profession, without engaging in the political and social aspects of using Ustasha symbols, even by clearly distancing themselves from the Ustasha ideology, that it is not possible to impose misdemeanour sanctions for using the salute “For the homeland, ready!” because such an act has not been proscribed and is not punishable, and that placing it under Article 5 of the Minor Offences against Public Order and Peace Act undermines the constitutional principle of legality. In the jurisprudence of misdemeanour courts, it has gradually been established that the salute “For the homeland, ready!”, and also the use of other Ustasha symbols, is considered a misdemeanour against public order and peace. The Ustasha ideology and symbols are also frequently connected with violence, and thus the question arises of the delimitation of the use of these symbols as misdemeanours on the one hand, or as a criminal offence which is independent or incorporated as part of another criminal offence on the other hand. The established case law concerning the qualifi cation of the salute “For the homeland, ready!” was recently changed with a legal interpretation adopted at a session of all the judges of the High Misdemeanour Court, and which caused confl icting reactions in the general and professional public. In this paper, the author analyses the current jurisprudence of the misdemeanour courts, the existing legal framework for assessing the use of Ustasha symbols in the public space as a misdemeanour, the legal interpretation of the High Misdemeanour Court and its effect on case law, and proposes de lege ferenda solutions which would undoubtedly protect the constitutional legal order of the Republic of Croatia through the misdemeanour and criminal law system.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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