Application of social network analysis in Albanian historiography (1915-2015) on Ottoman Studies

Autor: Zajmi, Ekrem
Přispěvatelé: Acun, Ramazan, Tarih Anabilim Dalı, Krasniqi, Nehat, Tarih
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2018
Předmět:
Popis: The main purpose of this thesis is to identify the most important historians in Albanian historiography concerning the Ottoman period and to analyse their views and attitudes on that period. To identify the most influential historians, social network analysis method was used. Bibliographical data extracted from 130 books, most of which are written in Albanian and published mainly during the 20th century, were used as the data source for analysis. A total of 4300 bibliographic references and more than 7800 citations’ data were compiled from these books. These data were uploaded to a system titled kaynakca.info and analysed using this system’s social network analysis method. Firstly, the most influential historians in the field of Albanian history during the Ottoman period were determined based on eigenvector, betweenness and closeness centrality criteria of the social network analysis method. Further on, these historians’ views and attitudes on the Ottoman period were qualitatively analysed based on their works. The opinions of these historians were discussed based on three periods: the patriotic-nationalist period (1912 – 1945), the communist period (1945 – 1990) and the democratic period (1990 – 2015). According to this, influential historians portrayed a nationalist view of the Ottoman period between 1912 – 1945, while between 1945 - 1990 they were influenced by a more communist ideology. After 1990, a liberal approach to the Ottoman period was introduced. What these time segments have in common – with very few exceptions – was the domination of the idea that the Ottoman Empire was an invader and left Albanians 500 years behind. Findings obtained from this thesis can make it easier for researchers to choose literature related to the Ottoman Empire for research purposes. Moreover, the most cited historians’ list from this study could serve even ordinary readers who are interested in this important period of Albanian history. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACCEPTANCE AND APPROVAL i, DECLARATION ii, PUBLISHING AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS DECLARATION iii, ETHICAL DECLARATION iv, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vi, ABSTRACT vii, ÖZET ix, TABLE OF CONTENTS xi, LIST OF TABLES xv, LIST OF FIGURES xvi, SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS xvii, 1. CHAPTER: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1. THE PROBLEM OF THE STUDY 1 1.2. THE PURPOSE AND THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE RESEARCH 3 1.3. RESEARCH QUESTIONS 4 1.4. COLLECTION, ASSESSMENT AND LITERATURE SELECTION 4 1.5. LIMITATIONS 7 1.6. THESIS OUTLINE 8 2. CHAPTER: LITERATURE REVIEW 10 2.1. INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 10 2.2. ABOUT SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS 12 2.3. HISTORY OF SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS’ DEVELOPMENT 13 2.4. APPLICATION OF SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS IN THE FIELD OF HISTORY 14 2.5. GROWTH IN THE NUMBER OF PUBLICATIONS 16 2.6. SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS CENTRALITY MEASURES 18 2.6.1. Eigenvector Centrality 20 2.6.2. Betweenness Centrality 21 2.6.3. Closeness Centrality 22 2.7. SOCIOMETRY 24 2.7.1. The origin of Sociometry 24 2.8. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE DATABASE SYSTEM 25 2.8.1. Kaynakca.info 25 3. CHAPTER: THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE IN ALBANIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY; A BRIEF INTRODUCTION 28 3.1. THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE’S PLACE IN ALBANIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY 28 3.1.1. The general approach to the treatment of Ottoman Empire 30 3.2. HISTORY AS AN INSTRUMENT OF CREATING THE NATIONAL IDENTITY 33 3.3. PERIODIZATION OF ALBANIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY ON OTTOMAN PERIOD 35 3.3.1. The post-independence period 1912–1945: History writing as a tool of strengthening the element of the state 37 3.3.2. The communist period 1945 – 1990; Marxist-Leninist approach 38 3.3.2.1. Creation of the Institute of History 39 3.3.3. The post-communist period 1990 42 4. CHAPTER: APPLICATION OF SNA ON OTTOMAN STUDIES 45 4.1. DATA ANALYSIS 46 4.1.1. Data Analysis in Eigenvector, Betweenness and Closeness Centrality... 47 4.2. THE SIGNIFICANT ALBANIAN HISTORIANS BASED ON DEGREE CENTRALITIES 51 4.3. INTERNATIONAL AUTHORS IN ALBANIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY 58 4.4. NUMBER OF PUBLICATIONS BY TIMES: THE MOST CITED PERIOD 61 4.4.1. The most cited period in ottoman studies 62 5. CHAPTER: THE PROMINENT AUTHORS' STUDIES ON THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE 64 5.1. CRITICAL OVERVIEW ON OTTOMAN STUDIES 64 5.2. TERMINOLOGY USED IN OTTOMAN STUDIES 66 5.3. INFLUENTIAL HISTORIANS: THEIR APPROACH TO THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE 68 5.3.1. Hasan Kaleshi 68 5.3.2. Kristo Frasheri 69 5.3.2.1. A short biography 72 5.3.3. Aleks Buda 72 5.3.4. Halil Inalcik 77 5.3.4.1. A short biography 80 6. CHAPTER: CONCLUSIONS 80 6.1. CONCLUSIONS BASED ON RESEARCH QUESTIONS 80 6.2. RECOMMENDATIONS 81 BIBLIOGRAPHY 85 APPENDIX A: INCLUDED BOOKS IN SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS OF THE ALBANIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY ON OTTOMAN PERIOD 98 APPENDIX B: AUTHORS WHO ARE RELATED TO THE MOST INFLUENTIAL HISTORIANS: KRISTO FRASHËRI, ALEKS BUDA, HASAN KALESHI 107 APPENDIX-C: ETHICS COMMISSION FORM FOR THESIS 110 APPENDIX-D: MASTER’S THESIS ORIGINALITY REPORT 112 AUTOBIOGRAPHY 114 Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, Arnavut tarihçiliğinde Osmanlı dönemi hakkında yazan önemli tarihçileri ve onların Osmanlı dönemi hakkında düşüncelerini belirlemektir. Osmanlı dönemi hakkında yazan önemli Arnavut tarihçilerini belirlemek için sosyal ağ analizi metodu kullanılmıştır. Analiz için veri kaynağı olarak da ağırlıklı olarak 20. yüzyılda yayınlanan, çoğu Arnavutça yazılmış 130 kitaptan çıkarılan bibliyografik atıf verileri kullanılmıştır. Bu kitaplardan toplam 4300 bibliyografik künye ve 7800'den fazla atıf verisi toplanmıştır. Bu veriler kaynakca.info adlı sisteme yüklenmiş ve bu sistemin sosyal ağ analizi modülü kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. İlk aşamada sosyal ağ analizinin derece, yakınlık, arasındalık ve öz vektör ölçütlerine göre merkezi önemdeki tarihçiler belirlenmiştir. Daha sonra, bu tarihçilerin Osmanlı dönemi hakkındaki görüşleri kendi yazdıkları kitaplardan hareketle niteliksel olarak analiz edilmiştir. Merkezi öneme sahip bu tarihçilerin görüşleri 1912 – 1945 yılları arasında, komünist rejim yıllarında (1945 – 1990), 1990'dan sonrası olmak üzere üç dönemde ele alınmıştır. Buna göre, önde gelen tarihçiler 1912-1945 yılları arasında Osmanlı dönemi hakkında milliyetçi bir görüş sergilerken, 1945-1990 yılları arasında kuvvetli komünist ideolojik değerlendirmelerde bulunmuşlardır. 1990’dan sonra ise Osmanlı dönemine liberal bir yaklaşım fark edildilmektedir. Çok az istisna olmak üzere, bu zaman dilimlerinin ortak noktası Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun istilacı olduğunu ve Arnavutları 500 yıl geride bıraktığı düşüncesinin hâkimiyetidir. Bu tez çalışmasından elde edilen bulgular, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ile ilgili konularda araştırma amaçlı literatür seçimine yardımcı olmak için kullanılabilir. Dahası, bu çalışma ile belirlenen merkezi önemdeki tarihçilerin listesi, Arnavut tarihinin bu dönemi ile ilgilenen sıradan okuyuculara yol gösterici olabilir.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz: