Policies to Encourage the Development of Water Sanitation Technology
| Autor: | Euverink, G.J.W., Temmink, B.G., Rozendal, R.A., Buisman, C.J.N. |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2009 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Water Policy in the Netherlands, Integrated Management in a Densely Populated Delta. Washington, DC, USA: RFF PRESS Water Policy in the Netherlands, Integrated Management in a Densely Populated Delta |
| Popis: | This chapter examines innovations in water technology, policies to develop technologies that will contribute to a sustainalbe economy, and the introduction of the new concepts to society. We discuss our views on how wastewater treatment may be performed in the future in such a way that the WFD guidelines are met economically. Preventing the mixing and diluting of different wastewater streams would enable reuse of valuable components (energie, minerals, and water). This chapter also decribes nitrogen removal and recovery techniques that can convert ammonia and nitrates into dinitrogen gas. At present, industrial ammonia synthesis from dinitrogen gas is more economically feasible than reuse of ammonia from wastewater. Chemical and biological methods to remove phosphorus are examined as well. Phosphorus is a good potential target for reuse, as the natural reserves of the ore are limited. Removal of phophorus from wastewater would also decrease eutrophication of natural water. Membrane bioreactors are very promising in the treatment of special industrial wastewater or enhanced treatment of municipal wastewater. The chapter then looks at bioelectrochemical conversion processes-microbial fuel cells and biocatalyzed electrolysis-new techniques to recover energy from wastewater that require less erngy than conventional techniques. Therefore, more energy is left in the wastewater and conversion into methane, electricity, or hydrogen becomes possible |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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