Ciudadanos en armas. Violencia política y construcción del Estado en España y Portugal (1867-1914)
| Autor: | Castillo Cañiz, Assumpta |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
contemporary history of the Iberian Peninsula
Political violence militias citizens in arms private security forces Political violence citizens in arms contemporary history of Spain contemporary history of Portugal contemporary history of the Iberian Peninsula circulation of arms private armed groups private security forces militias vigilantism defence of property anti-labour violence patriotic discourses contemporary history of Portugal vigilantism patriotic discourses M-STO/04 Storia contemporanea Settore M-STO/04 - Storia Contemporanea contemporary history of Spain circulation of arms defence of property private armed groups anti-labour violence |
| Popis: | This thesis deals with the repertoire of violent practices perpetrated by armed groups that performed public order tasks in parallel to police institutions in Spain and Portugal between the late 1960s and the years prior to the Great War. The analysis, based on a long-range perspective, has been carried out through the study of three medium-sized cities in the rural periphery of both countries and includes wide spectrum of groups and associations of different kinds: civic militias, shooting and pre-military training groups, private security forces, property guards or company guards, while not excluding the private use of the public force or even the privatisation of the latter. In almost all of these cases, these were non-state organizations swelled by voluntary civilians, whose motivations could range from patriotism to mere pleasure, to a sense of duty, fear or financial gain. Another relevant feature is that, although they could carry out illegal activities or could adopt extra-legal behaviour, they were in any case legally recognized organizations or organizations whose activities enjoyed legal coverage. This is indicative of another of the key elements of the work: the interaction between the private and public spheres, or between these groups and the State and its institutions, whose relations could range from tolerance or complicity to an open delegation of functions with respect to the management of public order, even though they were non-official forces. Throughout the pages of the thesis, several questions linked to the existence and evolution of these groups will be discussed, particularly their emergence in relation to the deployment and consolidation of capitalism and the contradictions inherent in a complex process of social democratization. This resulted, among other factors, in a gradual establishment of class identities, including that of the self-described “producing class”. The main ingredient of this identity-building process was, in this case, the belief in the need for a strong defence in the face of a changing world in the socio-economic and political spheres. In the first place, defence before the dangers accentuated by the very advance of capitalism: concentration of the working population, social impoverishment, criminality and marginality; secondly, and as a result of this same changing economic scenario, in view of the growing demands of the subordinate classes and their gradual political articulation in an institutional climate of gradual democratic opening; in third place, eventual defence before the State itself in the cases in which it was considered that it was acting with lukewarmness, neutrality or even in open prejudice to the so-called “loyal classes”. The emergence of these defence strategies, which included the use of violence and a use of weapons considered to be fully legitimate, was undoubtedly bound to condition the emergence and evolution of new and old political cultures. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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