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Ekstrakcija eteričnog ulja jedan je od najstarijih načina recikliranja biljne biomase pri čemu se iglice koriste kao vrijedna sirovina te se time smanjuje količina biootpada. Sastav eteričnog ulja uvelike ovisi o vrsti biljnog materijala, a za potrebe ovog istraživanja korišteni su crni bor, obična smreka, srebrna ili bodljikava smreka te Pančićeva omorika. Ispitivao se kemijski sastav i mikrobiološka aktivnost uzoraka eteričnih ulja dobivenih metodom hidrodestilacije po Clevengeru i Soxhlet ekstrakcijom. Kemijski sastav analiziran je tankoslojnom kromatografijom, plinskom kromatografijom vezanom sa spektrometrom masa te infracrvenom spektroskopijom s Fourierovom transformacijom. Glavne komponente eteričnog ulja crnog bora (Pinus nigra) su α-pinen (34,16%) i germakaren D (29,79%). Analizom eteričnih ulja dobivenih hidrodestilacijom iglica smreke (Picea pungens, Picea abies i Picea omorika) uočena je velika sličnost u kemijskom sastavu pri čemu je dominantna sastavnica u sva tri ispitivana uzorka bornil-acetat u udjelima između 21,97 i 53,19%. Antimikrobno djelovanje testirano je prema Gram-negativnoj i Gram-pozitivnoj bakterijskoj kulturi te kvascu roda Candida. Intenzitet inhibirajućeg utjecaja eteričnih ulja razlikovao se ovisno o korištenoj mikrobnoj kulturi. Extraction of essential oil is one of the oldest methods of recycling plant biomass, using pine needles as a valuable raw material and thus reducing the amount of biowaste. The composition of essential oil mainly depends on the type of plant material. In the present study, Black Pine, Norway Spruce, Blue Spruce and Pančić Spruce (Serbian spruce) were used. The chemical composition and microbiological activity of essential oils extracted by the method of hydrodistillation by Clevenger and Soxhlet extraction were researched. The chemical composition was analyzed by thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography with mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform. The main components of Black Pine (Pinus nigra) essential oil are α-pinene (34.16%) and germacaren D (29.79%). The analysis of essential oils extracted by hydrodistillation of Spruce needles (Picea pungens, Picea abies and Picea omorika) showed great similarity in chemical composition between those three species. Dominant component in all three samples was bornyl acetate in concentrations from 21.97 to 53.19 percent. The antimicrobial activity was tested against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial cultures and yeast of the genus Candida. The intensity of the inhibitory effect of the essential oils used varied depending on the microbial culture used. |
