Female human primordial germ cells display X-chromosome dosage compensation despite the absence of X-inactivation
| Autor: | Chitiashvili, Tsotne, Dror, Iris, Kim, Rachel, Hsu, Fei-Man, Chaudhari, Rohan, Pandolfi, Erica, Chen, Di, Liebscher, Simone, Schenke-Layland, Katja, Plath, Kathrin, Clark, Amander |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Cells 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning Embryonic Development Medical and Health Sciences Chromosomes Fluorescence Genetic Underpinning research X Chromosome Inactivation Genetics Humans Developmental In Situ Hybridization Cultured Gene Expression Profiling Biological Sciences Stem Cell Research Germ Cells Blastocyst Gene Expression Regulation Dosage Compensation RNA Female Long Noncoding Generic health relevance Human Developmental Biology |
| Zdroj: | Nature cell biology, vol 22, iss 12 |
| Popis: | X-chromosome dosage compensation in female placental mammals is achieved by X-chromosome inactivation (XCI). Human pre-implantation embryos are an exception, in which dosage compensation occurs by X-chromosome dampening (XCD). Here, we examined whether XCD extends to human prenatal germ cells given their similarities to naive pluripotent cells. We found that female human primordial germ cells (hPGCs) display reduced X-linked gene expression before entering meiosis. Moreover, in hPGCs, both X chromosomes are active and express the long non-coding RNAs X active coating transcript (XACT) and X inactive specific transcript (XIST)-the master regulator of XCI-which are silenced after entry into meiosis. We find that XACT is a hPGC marker, describe XCD associated with XIST expression in hPGCs and suggest that XCD evolved in humans to regulate X-linked genes in pre-implantation embryos and PGCs. Furthermore, we found a unique mechanism of X-chromosome regulation in human primordial oocytes. Therefore, future studies of human germline development must consider the sexually dimorphic X-chromosome dosage compensation mechanisms in the prenatal germline. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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