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Farmaceutici kao kemijski spojevi koji se koriste u svrhu liječenja, imaju nedvojbeno pozitivan učinak na ljudsko zdravlje i život općenito. Međutim, zbog sve veće potrebe za korištenjem, isti dospijevaju u okoliš na razne načine te se nazivaju nova onečišćivala. Jedan od najčešće detektiranih farmaceutika u vodenom okolišu je diklofenak (DCF). Ustanovljeno je da voda, čak i nakon prolaska kroz procese obrade koji su sastavni dio konvencionalnih sustava za obradu otpadnih voda, sadrži farmaceutike kao i ostala mikroonečišćivala. Stoga je od iznimne važnosti istraživanje metoda obrade voda kojima se mogu ukloniti na učinkovit, ekološki i ekonomski prihvatljiv način. Kao takvi ističu se napredni oksidacijski procesi, posebno fotokataliza. Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti potencijal fotokatalitičkih naprednih oksidacijskih procesa uz simulirano Sunčevo zračenje za uklanjanje DCF-a iz voda. Hidrotermalnom sintezom pripremljen je TiO2 – Fe2O3 kompozit. Istražen je adsorpcijski afinitet kompozita prema DCF-u te je pripremljeni kompozit sol-gel metodom imobiliziran na staklene nosače. Istražena je i učinkovitost uklanjanja DCF-a solar/TiO2 – Fe2O3 procesom. Ovim radom utvrđeno je da najbolja adsorpcijska svojstva pokazuje kompozit s masenim udjelom od 3 % Fe2O3, točnije pokazuje veći adsorpcijski potencijal nego kompoziti s rastućim udjelima Fe2O3 (9 % i 15 %). Provedbom fotokatalitičkog procesa postignuta je razgradnja. Pritom je uklanjanje DCF-a od 44,5 % postignuto pri pH 4 primjenom fotokatalizatora TiO2 – Fe2O3 (15 %), dok je konverzija u tom slučaju iznosila 1,1%. S druge strane u sustavu s TiO2 – Fe2O3 (3 %) ostvareno je uklanjanje od 37,9 %, dok je konverzija iznosila 16,8 %. Pharmaceuticals as chemical compounds used for treatment, have undoubtedly a positive effect on human health and life in general. However, due to the increasing need for use, they are discharged into the environment in various ways and they are called new pollutants. One of the most commonly detected pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment is diclofenac (DCF). In water has been found pharmaceuticals and other micro-pollutants even after procceses which are part of conventional treatment systems. Therefore, it is important to research water treatment methods that can eliminate them in an efficient, environmentally and economically acceptable manner. Advanced oxidation processes, especially photocatalysis, are highlighted. The aim of this work was to investigate the potential of photocatalytic advanced oxidation processes with simulated solar radiation to remove DCF from water. The TiO2 – Fe2O3 composite was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis. The adsorption affinity of the composite according to DCF was investigated and the composite was prepared by sol-gel method immobilized on glass tiles. The efficiency of DCF removal by the solar / TiO2 – Fe2O3 process was also investigated. It was found that the best adsorption properties showed a composite with a content of 3% Fe2O3, it was showing a higher adsorption potential than composites with increasing Fe2O3 content (9% and 15%). Also, by the photocatalytic process, decomposition was achieved. 44.5% DCF removal was achieved at pH 4 using TiO2 – Fe2O3 photocatalysts (15%), whereas the conversion in this case was 1.1%. On the other hand, in the system with TiO2 – Fe2O3 (3%), a removal of 37.9% was achieved, while the conversion was 16.8%. |
