Jetreni enzimi
| Autor: | Bezmalinović, Ivana |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Bučević Popović, Viljemka, Vladušić, Roko, Šprung, Matilda |
| Jazyk: | chorvatština |
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
aldolase
aspartate aminotransferase jetra hepatociti jetreni enzimi aspartat-aminotransferaza alanin-aminotransferaza gama-glutamil-transferaza laktat-dehidrogenaza aldolaza alkalna fosfataza alanine aminotransferase hepatocytes lactate dehydrogenase gamma-glutamyl transferase liver alkaline phosphatase liver enzymes |
| Popis: | Jetra je najveća žlijezda u organizmu. Osnovna funkcionalna jedinica jetre je lobul građen od velikog broja hepatocita. Oštećenjem hepatocita u krv dospijevaju enzimi kao indikatori za nastalo oštećenje. Laboratorijski testovi jetre korisni su u procijeni hepatičke disfunkcije pri čemu se određuje aktivnost: aspartataminotransferaze, alanin-aminotransferaze, alkalne fosfataze, laktat-dehidrogenaze, gama-glutamil-transferaze i aldolaze. Aminotransferaze sudjeluju u metabolizmu aminokiselina i ugljikohidrata. Gama-glutamil-transferaza nalazi se na membranama stanica različitih tkiva i ima bitnu ulogu u regeneraciji staničnog oksidanasa, glutationa. Alkalna fosfataza je metaloenzim koji katalizira uklanjanje fosfatnih skupina iz nukleotida, proteina i drugih molekula. Aktivnost alkalne fosfataze utječe na transport fosfata kroz specifične nosače pa se na taj način fosfat dostavlja do određenih staničnih dijelova gdje je potreban, npr. u sintezi nukleotida. Laktat-dehidrogenaza katalizira reverzibilnu pretvorbu piruvata u laktat uz koenzim NADH. Aktivnost LDH je najveća u stanicama koje ne sadrže mitohondrije. Aldolaza postoji u dvije izoforme, a u jetri je aktivan oblik aldolaza B. Zbog velikog afiniteta prema fruktozi 1-fosfat, aldolaza B predstavlja ključni enzim u metabolizmu fruktoze. The liver is the largest gland in the body. Lobuli represent a functional liver unit and are composed of liver cells called hepatocytes. If hepatocytes are damaged, the liver enzymes are released resulting in a rise of enzyme concentration in the blood stream. Laboratory liver tests are useful in the evaluation of hepatic dysfunction. The basic routine test mainly determines activity of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and aldolase. Aminotransferases participate in the metabolism of amino acids and carbohydrates. Gamma-glutamyl transferase is found at the cell membrane in different tissues where it plays an important role in the regeneration of cellular oxidant, glutathione. Alkaline phosphatase is a metalloenzyme that catalyzes the removal of phosphate groups from nucleotides, proteins and other molecules. Activity of alkaine phosphatase affect the membrane transport of phosphate through specific carriers so that phosphate is delivered in certain cellular parts, eg. for synthesis of nucleotides. Lactatedehydrogenase catalyzes the reversible conversion of pyruvate into lactate with NADH as a cofactor. Its activity is the highest in cells that do not contain mitochondria. Aldolase exist in two isoforms. In liver cells, aldolase B is the active form. Due to its high affinity for fructose 1-phosphate, aldolase B is the key enzyme in the fructose metabolism. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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