A living income for smallholder commodity farmers and protected forests and biodiversity: how can the private and public sectors contribute? : White Paper on sustainable commodity production
| Autor: | Waarts, Y.R., Janssen, Valerie, Ingram, V.J., Slingerland, M.A., van Rijn, F.C., Beekman, G., Dengerink, Just, van Vliet, J.A., Arets, E.J.M.M., Sassen, M., Guijt, W.J., van Vugt, S.M. |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Advisory
food and beverages WASS PE&RC Forest and Nature Conservation Policy respiratory tract diseases Plant Production Systems immune system diseases Plantaardige Productiesystemen Bos- en Natuurbeleid Life Science Vegetatie Bos- en Landschapsecologie Vegetation Forest and Landscape Ecology International Policy Internationaal Beleid |
| Popis: | Interventions and policies in the cocoa, tea and coffee sectors have failed to ensure that all smallholder commodity farmers earn more than the $1.90 World Bank poverty line or a living income, and they have not halted deforestation. Commodity farming is strongly associated with deforestation, in spite of interventions. For more than 50% of the cocoa and tea farmers in our datasets, household income would need to double in order for them to earn a living income. For those farmers, farming will never be a primary pathway out of poverty. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|