Astobiophysics: overview of the subject field and open questions
| Autor: | Bašić, Martina |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Sanader Maršić, Željka, Kovač, Marko, Rom, Tamara |
| Jazyk: | chorvatština |
| Rok vydání: | 2023 |
| Předmět: | |
| Popis: | Zemlja je pod stalnim utjecajem radijacije iz Svemira. Biosfera na Zemlji je zaštićena atmosferom i magnetnim poljem koji apsorbiraju i usmjeravaju veliki dio zračenja koji dolazi do Zemlje. Pri eksploziji supernove, dodatna količina zračenja stiže do Zemlje. Da bi mogli promatrati promjene u organizmima pod utjecajem tog zračenja, ono treba imati dovoljno energije da se probije do površine Zemlje i utječe na organizme. Količina radijacije koja dolazi do Zemlje i njen utjecaj na atmosferu ovise primarno o udaljenosti supernove i energiji primarnog zračenja. Izgled galaktičkog magnetnog polja je ključan podatak u određivanju energije primarnog zračenja koje pri dodiru s atmosferom reagiraju s njom na dva načina: primarno zračenje mijenja njen kemijski sastav ili stvaranjem sekundarnih čestica, muona i neutrona. Glavni efekt utjecaja primarnog zračenja na atmosferu je smanjenje količine ozona što dovodi do povećanog prodora ultraljubičastog B zračenja do Zemlje. Ono uvelike utječe na organizme, na njihov razvoj, ponašanje tokom djelovanja zračenja, mutacije, hormone, učestalost raka organa i promjenu DNA. Promatrajući količinu zračenja koja dolazi do Zemlje možemo odrediti utjecaj na biosferu i razvoj organizama i oštećenja. S druge strane, kako se supernova sastoji od teških elemenata, pri njenoj eksploziji dolazi do ispuštanja čestica njenog sastava u međuzvjezdani prostor i do dolaska tih čestica do Zemlje pa tako analizirajući koru Zemlje i količinu radioizotopa, posebice željeza, možemo spekulirati o vremenu eksplozije i dugotrajnosti utjecaja zračenja na Zemlju. Earth is constantly under the influence of radiation from space. The biosphere on Earth is protected by the atmosphere and magnetic field, which absorb and direct a large part of the radiation that reaches the Earth. During a supernova explosion, an additional amount of radiation reaches the Earth. In order to be able to observe changes in organisms under the influence of this radiation, it must have enough energy to penetrate to the surface of the Earth and affect organisms. The amount of radiation reaching the Earth and its impact on the atmosphere depend primarily on the distance of the supernova and the energy of the primary radiation. The appearance of the galactic magnetic field is a key piece of information in determining the energy of primary radiation, which upon contact with the atmosphere reacts with it in two ways: primary radiation changes its chemical composition or by creating secondary particles, muons and neutrons. The main effect of the influence of primary radiation on the atmosphere is the reduction of the amount of ozone, which leads to an increased penetration of ultraviolet B radiation to the Earth. It greatly affects organisms, their development, behavior during radiation exposure, mutations, hormones, frequency of organ cancer and DNA changes. By observing the amount of radiation that reaches the Earth, we can determine the impact on the biosphere and the development of organisms and damage. On the other hand, as a supernova consists of heavy elements, during its explosion particles of its composition are released into interstellar space and these particles reach the earth, so by analyzing the Earth's crust and the number of radioisotopes, especially iron, we can speculate about the time of the explosion and its duration impact of radiation on the Earth. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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