| Popis: |
Making space for women in universities and encouraging their participation in various sectors have become some of the primary goals on many national and regional agendas in the Global South. However, feminist scholars have pointed out that gender mainstreaming failed to accomplish its goals as it primarily encouraged the integration of women in already compromised neoliberal and patriarchal structures, therefore ignoring the collective responsibilities for gender-based inequalities (Alston, 2014). Recently, there has been a shift by feminist researchers to focus on wider issues of gender and development, to account for the wide range of interrelated issues which may be at play in gender-based inequalities. In this paper, we explore the policies and actions towards gender mainstreaming (both in terms of public engagement, interventions, as well as discussions surrounding empowerment of women). By looking at three case study cities, Manila (Philippines), Duhok (Iraq) and Sanandaj (Iran), we argue that focusing on gender mainstreaming demonstrates both the ways in which women navigate infrastructures in order to make an impact on their communities, but also the areas of development that need to further tackle gender-based inequalities. |
