| Popis: |
High‐resolution (grid spacing 10 km in midlatitudes) model simulations using explicitly resolved convection in the Met Office Unified Model, as part of the Horizon 2020 PRIMAVERA project, are used to provide a global lightning climatology. The results show for the first time that global simulations can capture the strong diurnal flash rate variation as well as the seasonal variation. The lightning parametrization uses information about the graupel and ice water path to estimate a total lightning flash rate. Comparisons are made with the World Lightning Location Network (that mainly detects cloud to ground lightning) and combined Lightning Imaging Sensor and Optical Transients Detector data set (that provides an estimate of total flash rate). The model results generally capture the temporal behavior and spatial distribution of the lightning over land. Over the ocean, the lightning in the Intertropical Convergence Zone appears excessive. |
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