| Autor: |
Petters, Markus D., Pujiastuti, Tyas, Rasheeda Satheesh, Ajmal, Kasparoglu, Sabin, Sutherland, Bethany, Meskhidze, Nicholas |
| Jazyk: |
angličtina |
| Rok vydání: |
2023 |
| Zdroj: |
eISSN |
| Popis: |
Quantifying surface-atmosphere exchange rates of particles is important for understanding the role of suspended particulate matter on radiative transfer, clouds, precipitation, and climate change. Emissions of coarse mode particles with a diameter greater than 0.5 µm provide giant cloud condensation nuclei and ice nuclei. These emissions are critical for understanding the evolution of cloud microphysical properties yet remain poorly understood. Here we introduce a new method that uses lidar retrievals of the elastic backscatter and Doppler velocity to obtain surface number emissions of particles with a diameter greater than 0.53 µm. The technique is applied to study particle number fluxes over a two-month period during the TRACER campaign at an urban site near Houston, TX, USA. We found that all the observed fluxes were positive (upwards) indicating particle emission from the surface. The fluxes followed a diurnal pattern and peaked near noon local time. Flux intensity varied through the two months with multi-day periods of strong fluxes and multi-day periods of weak fluxes. Emission particle number fluxes peaked near ~100 cm-2 s-1. The daily averaged emission fluxes correlated with friction velocity and were anticorrelated to surface relative humidity. The emission flux can be parameterized as F = 3000u*4 where u* is the friction velocity in m s-1 and the emission flux F is in cm-2 s-1. The u* dependence is consistent with emission from wind-driven erosion. Estimated values for the mass flux are in the lower range of literature values from non-urban sites. These results demonstrate that urban environments may play an important role in supplying coarse mode particles to the boundary layer. We anticipate that quantification of these emissions will help constrain aerosol-cloud interaction models that use prognostic aerosol schemes. |
| Databáze: |
OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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