Evaluation of damage severity caused by Phytopathogens and Phytoparasitic Helminthes and Application of some microbiological methods to protect winter wheat

Autor: Iurcu F., Burtseva S., Birsa M., Bivol A., Rusu S., Costin T., Sasanelli N.
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2017
Předmět:
Zdroj: 15° Congresso of Vinogradskyi Society of Microbiologists of Ukraine, Odessa (Ukraine), 11-15 Settembre 2017
info:cnr-pdr/source/autori:Iurcu F.,Burtseva S.,Birsa M.,Bivol A.,Rusu S.,Costin T., Sasanelli N./congresso_nome:15° Congresso of Vinogradskyi Society of Microbiologists of Ukraine/congresso_luogo:Odessa (Ukraine)/congresso_data:11-15 Settembre 2017/anno:2017/pagina_da:/pagina_a:/intervallo_pagine
Popis: "Winter wheat is the largest cultivated crop in the world with over 220 million hectares. In the Republic of Moldova about 25% of the arable land, corresponding to 40% of the surface occupied by cereal crops, is cultivated to winter wheat. Considering the importance of winter crops in all agro-ecological areas of R. Moldova it is important to evaluate the severity of pathogens and plant parasitic attacks (number of species, frequency and host ranges) in order to adopt useful control measures. Recently different researches on the use of exometabolites (EMs) of genus Streptomyces, with nematostatic/nematicidal, antifungal and phyto-stimulating plant growth properties, have been carried out against soil borne plant pathogens and phytoparasitic nematodes. Combined attacks of pathogens and parasites on winter wheat are particularly significant because of they produce yellowing, rots, necrosis of roots and stems and severe yield losses in many Western and Eastern Europe areas including all ecological zones of R. Moldova. Winter cereals are affected by more than 100 species of pests, including phytopathogenic agents (Fusarium graminearun, F. avenaceum, F. nivale, F. culmorum, F. oxysporum, etc.) alone or in combination with complexes of phyto-nematodes of the genus Pratylenchus, Tylenchus, Aglenchus, Rotylechus, Helicotylenchus, Paratylenchus, Tylenchorhynchus, Ditylenchus, Merlinius, Criconemoides and micofages, ectoparasitic species which level range between 5 and 30 individuals/g soil with incidence from 3 to 35% of the total cultivated area according to the period, zone, sector and grain growth phase. Fusariosis with symptoms of root and stem rots (regarding 10-40% of the cereal cultivated surface) are particularly dangerous in the early stages of wheat growth in the late autumn - early spring. Streptomycetes are widely distributed in nature, especially in many soils, and they have been considered in the recent years not only as antibiotic producers, but also for the production of other biologically active substances as enzymes, amino acids, vitamins, lipids and phyto-hormones which influence seed germination, plant growth and crop yield. Considering previous studies on streptomycetes EMs on tomatoes, cucumbers, tobacco and corn seeds, new experiments were carried out on winter wheat seeds using EMs produced by streptomycetes isolated from soils of R. Moldova. EMs of the Streptomyces strains 9, 10, 12, 66 and 205 had positive effect, increasing number of roots (14.5-19.8%) and root length (20.3-26.1%) in comparison to the untreated control. Also an antifungal activity was highlighted against Alternaria alternata, Fusarium solani and F. graminearum. Nematicidal activity against root-knot nematodes was observed using Streptomyces sp. 9 and 205 in comparison to untreated control. On the base of our results the use of EMs from Streptomyces strains isolated from soils of the R. Moldova could be favorably considered in cereal crops protection. "
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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