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The aim of the paper is to give and overview of negative effects of shipping business on marine environment as well as the protection of marine environment against pollutants that enter the environment from shipping activities. Many pollutants, that enter marine environment from ships and ports (oil, chemicals, sewage, waste, ballast water, greenhouse gases, ozone depleting substances, ...) can damage marine habitat and marine living resources. The scale of the impact of these pollutants on marine ecosystems varies from local environmental problems to global scale problems and it differs from place to place depending upon environmental factors but also socio- economic factors. The shipping is international industry, and it is effective only if the regulations and standards are agreed, adopted and implemented internationally. The discharges of many of these pollutants are regulated through The International Maritime Organisation (IMO Conventions), as well as through national regulation by coastal states. Beside the regulatory framework developed and maintained by IMO, the development and implementation of global standards covering new technologies and innovations, as well as marine education and training, are necessary for green and sustainable global maritime transportation system. |
