| Popis: |
Contact dermatitis (CD) is caused by various substances that exert irritant (toxic) eff ects or induce immune responses (allergic reactions) and may manifest as Irritant CD and Allergic CD and. Irritant CD is a nonspecifi c skin response to direct chemical skin damage and/with releasing infl ammatory mediators, while Allergic CD is a delayed hypersensitivity reaction (type IV) to allergens which includes immunological responses (due to the interaction of T cells and cytokines). Thereby, contact skin lesions may be the consequences of contact with various irritants or allergens, or due to other factors (e.g., UV radiation, microbials), intrinsic factors (e.g. in autoimmune responses) or even by a combination of both. Impaired barrier function also participates by promoting bacterial biofi lms and creating an environment favoring sensitization. The development of Allergic CD skin lesions includes complex immunological pathways and infl ammatory mediators, infl uenced by both genetic (predominantly fi laggrin mutations) and environmental triggers. In the pathogenesis of Allergic CD the role of antimicrobial peptides (AMP) is prominent ; but also other factors such as alarmins, proteases, immunoproteomics, lipids, natural moisturizing factors, tight junctions, smoking, etc. However, based on many current investigations, future perspectives may reveal new pathogenetic factors and scientifi c data important for the work and treatment of CD patients. |
