| Popis: |
Maize is main field crop on the arable lands of Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). In the 2011-2015 period, maize was grown on average 189 137 ha or close to 20% of arable land. The majority of maize growing area was situated in the northern lowland region and in Republic of Srpska (RS). Considerable variation of the yearly yield was found in this period from 2.7 t ha-1 (2012) to 4.7 t ha-1 (2014), mainly under influence of weather conditions. With that regard, precipitation and temperature regimes, particularly in July and August, had considerable effects. 2011, 2013 and 2015 growing seasons were more close to usual values. However, 2012 and 2014 were considerably deviated and characterized by drought and hot stress (2012) and excessive, but for maize more favorable, precipitation and the lower temperature (2014). Six meteorological stations were selected for weather characterization as follows: Bijeljina (BI), Tuzla (TZ), Gradacac (GR), Banjaluka (BL), Prijedor (PR) and Bihac (BH). Precipitation and mean air temperatures in the period 2011-2015 were compared to the long- termmeans1961-1990 (LTM). In general, precipitation in the April-September period (LTM) was lower and temperatures higher in the eastern part (BI: 417 mm and 17.8 oC) than in western part (BI: 664 mm and 16.6 oC) of the country. These values for two deviated growing seasons were as follows: 288 mm and 20.0 oC in BI, 693 mm and 18.9 oC in BH (2012), 731 mm and 18.5 oC in BI, 1135 mm and 17.1 oC in BH (2014). |
